Nanoscale Sensing Using Point Defects in Single-Crystal Diamond: Recent Progress on Nitrogen Vacancy Center-Based Sensors

Bernardi, Ettore; Nelz, Richard; Sonusen, Selda; Neu, Elke

doi:10.3390/cryst7050124

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…Diamond is the hardest material in Mohs scale that attracts attention spanning from antipodal fields of industrial abrasives to even quantum information [1]. In theory, diamond is composed only of isotopic mixture of sp 3 carbon atoms ( 12 C and 13 C), which are ideally aligned in supercells comprised of fused chair conformed cyclohexane rings [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Treatments and Light Extraction from Fluorinated CVD-Grown (400) Single Crystal Diamond Nanopillars

Radtke

Slablab

Vlierberghe

et al. 2020

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We investigate the possibilities to realize light extraction from single crystal diamond (SCD) nanopillars. This was achieved by dedicated 519 nm laser-induced spin-state initiation of negatively charged nitrogen vacancies (NV−). We focus on the naturally-generated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of NV−. Applied diamond was neither implanted with 14N+, nor was the CVD synthesized SCD annealed. To investigate the possibility of light extraction by the utilization of NV−’s bright photoluminescence at room temperature and ambient conditions with the waveguiding effect, we have performed a top-down nanofabrication of SCD by electron beam lithography (EBL) and dry inductively-coupled plasma/reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) to generate light focusing nanopillars. In addition, we have fluorinated the diamond’s surface by dedicated 0 V SF6 ICP plasma. Light extraction and spin manipulations were performed with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) at room temperature. We have observed a remarkable effect based on the selective 0 V SF6 plasma etching and surprisingly, in contrast to literature findings, deactivation of NV− centers. We discuss the possible deactivation mechanism in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Treatments and Light Extraction from Fluorinated CVD-Grown (400) Single Crystal Diamond Nanopillars

Radtke

Slablab

Vlierberghe

et al. 2020

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“…The above-mentioned techniques have led to numerous diamond NV-based applications in the recent past, but they are unable to form 3D waveguides within the bulk of diamond, where the NV coherence times are greatly improved [19]. In addition, these methods are limited to two-dimensional waveguiding structures and are complex several-step techniques involving extensive material processing, clean-room facilities and multimillion euro laboratories.…”

Section: Photolithographic Diamond Waveguide Fabrication and Its Limimentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

et al. 2019

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Diamond has attracted great interest in the quantum optics community thanks to its nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, a naturally occurring impurity that is responsible for the pink coloration of some diamond crystals. The NV spin state with the brighter luminescence yield can be exploited for spin readout, exhibiting millisecond spin coherence times at ambient temperature. In addition, the energy levels of the ground state triplet of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Integrated diamond photonics would be beneficial for optical magnetometry, due to the enhanced light-matter interaction and associated collection efficiency provided by waveguides, and for quantum information, by means of the optical linking of NV centers for long-range entanglement. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NV centers. Furthermore, laser written micrographitic modifications could lead to efficient and compact detectors of high energy radiation in diamond. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate optical waveguides, graphitic lines, NVs and microfluidics in diamond. In this Review, we describe a disruptive laser nanofabrication method based on femtosecond laser writing to realize a 3D micro-nano device toolkit for diamond. Femtosecond laser writing is advantageous compared to other state of the art fabrication technologies due to its versatility in forming diverse micro and nanocomponents in diamond. We describe how high quality buried optical waveguides, low roughness microfluidic channels, and on-demand NVs with excellent spectral properties can be laser formed in single-crystal diamond. We show the first integrated quantum photonic circuit in diamond consisting of an optically addressed NV for quantum information studies. The rapid progress of the field is encouraging but there are several challenges which must be met to realize future quantum technologies in diamond. We elucidate how these hurdles can be overcome using femtosecond laser fabrication, to realize both quantum computing and nanoscale magnetic field sensing devices in synthetic diamond.

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“…The origin of these resonances is interpreted using quantum optics and spin theory, which describe them in terms of spin–orbit interactions and Rabi oscillations. To achieve NV color centers in diamond that are applicable to magnetometry, the reader should refer to the technical information in [20] on the diamond material preparation. Specifically, NV forms in both bulk and ND – this option introduces more opportunity in terms of applications, even if the ND NV magnetic sensing technology is less developed.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

Boretti¹,

Rosa²,

Blackledge³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a point defect in diamond with unique properties for use in ultra-sensitive, high-resolution magnetometry. One of the most interesting and challenging applications is nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). While many review papers have covered other NV centers in diamond applications, there is no survey targeting the specific development of nano-MRI devices based on NV centers in diamond. Several different nano-MRI methods based on NV centers have been proposed with the goal of improving the spatial and temporal resolution, but without any coordinated effort. After summarizing the main NV magnetic imaging methods, this review presents a survey of the latest advances in NV center nano-MRI.

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Nanoscale Sensing Using Point Defects in Single-Crystal Diamond: Recent Progress on Nitrogen Vacancy Center-Based Sensors

Cited by 59 publications

References 141 publications

Plasma Treatments and Light Extraction from Fluorinated CVD-Grown (400) Single Crystal Diamond Nanopillars

Plasma Treatments and Light Extraction from Fluorinated CVD-Grown (400) Single Crystal Diamond Nanopillars

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

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