Nanoscale Topography of Anodic TiO₂ Nanostructures Is Crucial for Cell–Surface Interactions

Abstract

Anodic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures, i.e., obtained by electrochemical anodization, have excellent control over the nanoscale morphology and have been extensively investigated in biomedical applications owing to their sub-100 nm nanoscale topography range and beneficial effects on biocompatibility and cell interactions. Herein, we obtain TiO2 nanopores (NPs) and nanotubes (NTs) with similar morphologies, namely, 15 nm diameter and 500 nm length, and investigate their characteristics and impact on stem cell adhesion. We show that the transition of TiO2 NPs to NTs occurs via a pore/wall splitting mechanism and the removal of the fluoride-rich layer. Furthermore, in contrast to the case of NPs, we observe increased cell adhesion and proliferation on nanotubes. The enhanced mesenchymal stem cell adhesion/proliferation seems to be related to a 3-fold increase in activated integrin clustering, as confirmed by immunogold labeling with β1 integrin antibody on the nanostructured layers. Moreover, computations of the electric field and surface charge density show increased values at the inner and outer sharp edges of the top surfaces of the NTs, which in turn can influence cell adhesion by increasing the bridging interactions mediated by proteins and molecules in the environment. Collectively, our results indicate that the nanoscale surface architecture of the lateral spacing topography can greatly influence stem cell adhesion on substrates for biomedical applications.

Long-Term Prevention of Arthroplasty Infections via Incorporation of Activated AgNbO3 Nanoparticles in PMMA Bone Cement

“…Hydrogen atoms of water can form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms of these hydroxyl groups, enabling water affinity over AgNbO 3 -containing surfaces. In the context of bioactive properties, increasing the density of these activated sites have also been reported to increase the clustering of integrin, which play a crucial role in promoting and stabilizing cell adhesion …”

Titania–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Philadelphia-Positive Leukemia Therapy

“…Nanotechnology is a welcome option to overcome the limitations of resistance, relapse, and adverse effects and increase the plasma half-life of free TKIs. − Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and has widely been used in nano drug delivery systems for cancer, rheumatic diseases, prosthetics, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobials. − Only nanoscale TiO 2 -based leukemia therapy has also been reported by various studies. , Likewise, graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial known for higher biocompatibility due to its hydrophilic nature. GO is fabricated by the oxidation of graphite and offers a robust scaffold for drug delivery by containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, and other reactive groups on its surface for successful drug and ligand conjugation .…”