The
rapidly increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
has resulted in a serious greenhouse effect. CO2 capture
and storage (CSS) technology is widely accepted as an effective method
for reduction of CO2 emissions. Metal–organic frameworks
show an excellent potential for CO2 capture in CCS due
to various advantages of high porosity, high surface area, adjustable
pore structure, and multifunctionality. A series of works have been
devoted to design of MOFs for CO2 capture and separation.
Considering the low CO2 partial pressure in the practical
industry, improving CO2 adsorption and separation performance
at low pressure (including atmospheric pressure) is more meaningful.
Establishing the structure–property relationships between MOFs
and guest CO2 molecules is helpful for the design of MOFs
as CO2 adsorbents. Therefore, we comprehensively review
the factors which affect the CO2 capture performance on
MOFs at low pressure, including pore structure, open metal sites,
Lewis basic groups, and other polar groups. We further indicate the
regulation of increasing CO2 uptake on modified MOFs through
adsorption mechanisms based on clarified structures of MOFs. In addition,
we discuss the strategies to improve separation performance of CO2 from flue gases, biogases, and crude C2H2 based on enhancement of CO2 uptake or sieving via porosity.