Nanosize Particle Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

Ashizawa, Kazuhide

doi:10.1248/yakushi.18-00171-1

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Hydrodynamic size (d H ) is one of the primary factors determining the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles [ 19 , 36 , 37 ]. D H is the size including any solvent molecules attached to the surface of the nanoparticle and it is traditionally measured using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) technique [ 38 ]. Generally, it has been proved that nanoparticles with the hydrodynamic sizes within the 15–100 nm range are optimal as MNPs of these sizes show the longest circulation time in the bloodstream and thereby have a greater chance of reaching other organs and targets, such as, for example, the brain, arterial walls, lymph nodes or tumors [ 39 – 42 ].…”

Section: Intravenously Injected Mnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications

Nowak-Jary

Machnicka

2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been under intense investigation for at least the last five decades as they show enormous potential for many biomedical applications, such as biomolecule separation, MRI imaging and hyperthermia. Moreover, a large area of research on these nanostructures is concerned with their use as carriers of drugs, nucleic acids, peptides and other biologically active compounds, often leading to the development of targeted therapies. The uniqueness of MNPs is due to their nanometric size and unique magnetic properties. In addition, iron ions, which, along with oxygen, are a part of the MNPs, belong to the trace elements in the body. Therefore, after digesting MNPs in lysosomes, iron ions are incorporated into the natural circulation of this element in the body, which reduces the risk of excessive storage of nanoparticles. Still, one of the key issues for the therapeutic applications of magnetic nanoparticles is their pharmacokinetics which is reflected in the circulation time of MNPs in the bloodstream. These characteristics depend on many factors, such as the size and charge of MNPs, the nature of the polymers and any molecules attached to their surface, and other. Since the pharmacokinetics depends on the resultant of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, research should be carried out individually for all the nanostructures designed. Almost every year there are new reports on the results of studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific magnetic nanoparticles, thus it is very important to follow the achievements on this matter. This paper reviews the latest findings in this field. The mechanism of action of the mononuclear phagocytic system and the half-lives of a wide range of nanostructures are presented. Moreover, factors affecting clearance such as hydrodynamic and core size, core morphology and coatings molecules, surface charge and technical aspects have been described. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Intravenously Injected Mnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications

Nowak-Jary

Machnicka

2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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“… 33 , 124 , 125 D H, usually measured using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), is the size of MNPs, including any solvent molecules attached to their surface. 126 Generally, the results of studies investigating the size effect on the MNPs biodistribution are analogous to those found for other types of nanoparticles (for example polymeric NPs) 127 and suggest that larger MNPs are taken up faster by the liver and spleen and have shorter circulation time (and thereby half-life) in the blood. In contrast, smaller MNPs accumulate mainly in the lymph nodes and, to a lesser extent, in other organs having longer circulation time.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Biodistribution Of Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 63%

In vivo Biodistribution and Clearance of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications

Nowak-Jary¹,

Machnicka²

2023

IJN

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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite and maghemite) are intensively studied due to their broad potential applications in medical and biological sciences. Their unique properties, such as nanometric size, large specific surface area, and superparamagnetism, allow them to be used in targeted drug delivery and internal radiotherapy by targeting an external magnetic field. In addition, they are successfully used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, and radiolabelling. The appropriate design of nanoparticles allows them to be delivered to the desired tissues and organs. The desired biodistribution of nanoparticles, eg, cancerous tumors, is increased using an external magnetic field. Thus, knowledge of the biodistribution of these nanoparticles is essential for medical applications. It allows for determining whether nanoparticles are captured by the desired organs or accumulated in other tissues, which may lead to potential toxicity. This review article presents the main organs where nanoparticles accumulate. The sites of their first uptake are usually the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, but with the appropriate design of nanoparticles, they can also be accumulated in organs such as the lungs, heart, or brain. In addition, the review describes the factors affecting the biodistribution of nanoparticles, including their size, shape, surface charge, coating molecules, and route of administration. Modern techniques for determining nanoparticle accumulation sites and concentration in isolated tissues or the body in vivo are also presented.

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“…Size distribution and zeta potential of QTAP-mRNA in aqueous dispersion were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Malvern Zetasizer instrument at 25°C. For zeta potential measurement, an aliquot (5 μl) of QTAP-NPs was diluted in Alpha-q water and placed in a disposable capillary zeta potential cell, available from the Zetasizer Nano series ( 38 ). Transmission Electron Microscopy was performed at the Medical School Electron Microscopy Facility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison using a Philips CM120 transmission electron microscope (FEI, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) at 80 kV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective RNA nanovaccines against Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis

et al. 2023

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The induction of an effective immune response is critical for the success of mRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we developed a nanoadjuvant system compromised of Quil-A and DOTAP (dioleoyl 3 trimethylammonium propane), hence named QTAP, for the efficient delivery of mRNA vaccine constructs into cells. Electron microscopy indicated that the complexation of mRNA with QTAP forms nanoparticles with an average size of 75 nm and which have ~90% encapsulation efficiency. The incorporation of pseudouridine-modified mRNA resulted in higher transfection efficiency and protein translation with low cytotoxicity than unmodified mRNA. When QTAP-mRNA or QTAP alone transfected macrophages, pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., NLRP3, NF-kb, and MyD88) were upregulated, an indication of macrophage activation. In C57Bl/6 mice, QTAP nanovaccines encoding Ag85B and Hsp70 transcripts (QTAP-85B+H70) were able to elicit robust IgG antibody and IFN- ɣ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 cytokines responses. Following aerosol challenge with a clinical isolate of M. avium ss. hominissuis (M.ah), a significant reduction of mycobacterial counts was observed in lungs and spleens of only immunized animals at both 4- and 8-weeks post-challenge. As expected, reduced levels of M. ah were associated with diminished histological lesions and robust cell-mediated immunity. Interestingly, polyfunctional T-cells expressing IFN- ɣ, IL-2, and TNF- α were detected at 8 but not 4 weeks post-challenge. Overall, our analysis indicated that QTAP is a highly efficient transfection agent and could improve the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines against pulmonary M. ah, an infection of significant public health importance, especially to the elderly and to those who are immune compromised.

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Nanosize Particle Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacokinetics of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications

Pharmacokinetics of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications

In vivo Biodistribution and Clearance of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications

Protective RNA nanovaccines against Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis

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