Nanosized hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate composite: Physico-chemical, cytotoxicity, morphological properties and in vivo trial

Abstract

The objective of this work was to characterize the properties of a synthetic biomaterial composite with nanoparticles size (Blue Bone). This biomaterial is a composite recommended for dental and orthopedic grafting surgery, for guided bone regeneration, including maxillary sinus lift, fresh alveolus filling, and treatment of furcation lesions. The nano biomaterials surface area is from 30% to 50% higher than those with micro dimensions. Another advantage is that the alloplastic biomaterial has homogeneous properties due to the complete manufacturing control. The analyzed biomaterial composite was characterized by XRD, cytochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, porosimetry and in vivo experiments (animals). The results showed that the analyzed biomaterial composite has 78.76% hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] with monoclinic structure, 21.03% β-tricalcium phosphate [β -Ca3(PO4)2] with trigonal structure and 0.19% of CaO with cubic structure, nanoparticles with homogeneous shapes, and nanoporosity. The in vivo experiments showed that the composite has null cytotoxicity, and the site of insertion biomaterials has a high level of vascularization and bone formation. The conclusion is that the synthetic biomaterial with Blue Bone designation presents characteristics suitable for use in grafting surgery applications.

Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural Characterization of a Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite and a Bone Xenograft in Sub-Critical Size Bone Defect in Rat Calvaria

“…Vascularization remains one of the obstacles that needs to be overcome in the bone graft design research field [ 28 ]. In this respect, the initial nano-HA/β-TCP composite (Blue Bone™) characterization study conducted by da Silva Brum et al showed a large presence of vascular channels, which indicated that its nanometric structure had a positive result on the creation of blood channels [ 29 ].…”

Physical Characterization of Biphasic Materials With Different Granulation Sizes and Their Influence on Bone Repair and Inflammation in Rat Calvaria

“…This condition is considered ideal for an osteoconductive material because the newly formed bone tissues in direct contact with ceramics are formed to replace the biomaterial that is gradually resorbed 26 . This bone formation capacity of bioactive materials forms a strong single interface and from the creeping substitution process, which is the degradation of the resorbable bone substitute accompanied by the simultaneous growth of a new bone tissue 27 . Unlike biphasic materials, the xenogeneic graft showed no signs of degradation, which can be explained by the fact that it is a biomaterial of high crystallinity 10,18,20 .…”

“…A higher speci c surface area has a direct relationship with the increase in the adsorption of macromolecules and proteins, particularly involved with the induction of osteogenesis 4,24,27,31 . In this study, the signi cant difference in the results of the speci c areas of surfaces obtained in the groups evaluated (Table 1) can be explained by the characteristics of the xenogeneic material, which has greater microporosity and is fully processed from bovine medullary inorganic bone, while the test groups are synthetic materials, whose own processes of sintering of its particles result in lower values in this parameter 4,13 .…”

“…The main reason for using a biphasic material, which has distinct resorption velocities of its two components, is to enable that as β-TCP degradation occurs, spaces will appear around the granules through which there will be bone growth, while hydroxyapatite will ful ll the function of being an osteoconductive scaffold 27 . Thus, the cells are guided so that there is a bone formation in close contact with the surfaces of the particles, including the formation of bone bridges between the grafted granules 9,14,16 .…”

<p>Vertical Guided Bone Regeneration in the Rabbit Calvarium Using Porous Nanohydroxyapatite Block Grafts Coated with rhVEGF₁₆₅ and Cortical Perforation</p>

“… 29 The physical properties of the mesoporous nanocomposite at the outer surface of HA enables drugs or proteins to be loaded in the scaffold. 30 , 31 Different shapes and size of HA have attracted increasing interest as a material to repair horizontal or vertical bone defect. Although HA has been proven to display excellent biocompatibility for osseous encapsulation in tissue engineering, the application of HA alone does not rapidly and efficiently induce the formation of new bone tissue.…”