Nanosized indium selenide saturable absorber for multiple solitons operation in Er³⁺-doped fiber laser

Abstract

With the advances in the field of ultrafast photonics occurring so fast, the demand for optical modulation devices with high performance and soliton lasers which can realize the evolution of multiple soliton pulses is gradually increasing. Nevertheless, saturable absorbers (SAs) with appropriate parameters and pulsed fiber lasers which can output abundant mode-locking states still need to be further explored. Due to the special band gap energy values of few-layer indium selenide (InSe) nanosheets, we have prepared a SA based on InSe on a microfiber by optical deposition. In addition, we demonstrate that our prepared SA possesses a modulation depth and saturable absorption intensity about 6.87% and 15.83 MW/cm2, respectively. Then, multiple soliton states are obtained by dispersion management techniques, including regular solitons, and second-order harmonic mode-locking solitons. Meanwhile, we have obtained multi-pulse bound state solitons. We also provide theoretical basis for the existence of these solitons. The results of the experiment show that the InSe has the potential to be an excellent optical modulator because of its excellent saturable absorption properties. This work also is important for improving the understanding and knowledge of InSe and the output performance of fiber lasers.

Germanene: demonstration of the conversion from mode-locked to Q-switched mode-locked in Er-doped fiber laser

“…In particular, the strong nonlinear absorption mechanism based on the Pauli incompatibility principle makes 2D material-based SAs indispensable modulators in ultrafast fiber lasers. With the significant success achieved by graphene-based SA in ultrafast fiber lasers for the first time, various new types of 2D materials, including topological insulators (TIs) [20][21][22][23][24], transition metal dichalcogenides [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], MXenes [33][34][35][36][37][38], and Xenes [35][36][37][38], have been proposed and applied. These materials have demonstrated different soliton phenomena and ultrafast pulse generation in fiber lasers.…”

InSb-based saturable absorbers for ultrafast photonic applications

“…[15][16][17][18] To date, 2D SA materials include transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, single-element 2D materials, topological insulators, perovskites, and other divergent 2D materials. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Remarkable development has been achieved in pulsed lasers with 2D SAs. Using graphene as the SA, 10 GHz laser pulse outputs have been achieved in an ultrafast fiber laser.…”

Operation of a passively mode‐locked Tm:YAG laser with tantalum aluminum carbide as a saturable absorber

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Compared with active modulation technology that relies on the electro-optic modulator and acoustic-optic modulator to realize pulse laser output, diode-pumped QML lasers using saturable absorber (SA) have significant advantages, such as simple structure, small size, low cost, and high efficiency. [6][7][8][9] A Tm 3+ doped crystal with the QML technique using a SA is one of the most convenient and cheapest ways to obtain ultrafast lasers at 2-µm wavelength region, which also have effective crosschirality, high quantum efficiency, and high laser diode (LD) pumping effectiveness. Tm 3+ ions in YAG have exhibited excellent optical properties, which are attractive for broadly tunable and mode-locked lasers.…”

“…Recently, QML pulses laser with narrow pulse width and high repetition rate has been applied in lidar, medical, spectroscopy, remote sensing, and mid‐infrared light source generation that is safe for the human eye 1–5 . Compared with active modulation technology that relies on the electro‐optic modulator and acoustic‐optic modulator to realize pulse laser output, diode‐pumped QML lasers using saturable absorber (SA) have significant advantages, such as simple structure, small size, low cost, and high efficiency 6–9 . A Tm 3+ doped crystal with the QML technique using a SA is one of the most convenient and cheapest ways to obtain ultrafast lasers at 2‐µm wavelength region, which also have effective cross‐chirality, high quantum efficiency, and high laser diode (LD) pumping effectiveness.…”