Nanosized La0.4Gd0.2Sr0.4MnO3 manganites: From magnetic refrigeration to hyperthermia method

The magnetocaloric effect properties for potential applications of magnetic refrigerator technology: a review

“…Generally, size reduction strategies from micro to nanoscale in MCE materials can affect the broadening of the magnetic phase transition, resulting in a broader working temperature range, a decrease in saturation magnetization, and ÀDS M value. 51,65,[77][78][79][80] These changes are associated with disturbances such as strain fields, atomic disorder, uncompensated surface spins, chemical inhomogeneity, grain size distribution, etc. 65 For example, Zeng et al reduced the size of Gd material to as small as 15 nm, resulting in a reported decrease in the ÀDS M value by up to 50% compared with micro-sized samples.…”