Nanostructure Quantification of Carbon Blacks

Singh, Madhu; Wal, Randy L. Vander

doi:10.3390/c5010002

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These share similarities in the production of channel black, thus keeping the literature of channel black relevant. Nonetheless, the gas black process relies on using coal tar distillates as feedstock instead of natural gas used for channel black [107].…”

Section: Chemical Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Khodabakhshi

Fulvio

Andreoli

2020

Carbon

223

104

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Carbon Black (CB) is one of the most abundantly produced carbon nanostructured materials, and approximately 70% of it is used as pigment and as reinforcing phase in rubber and plastics. Recent scientific findings report on other uses of CB that are of current interest, such as renewable energy harvesting and carbon capture. The present review focuses on the use and role of CB in renewable and environmental applications relevant to contemporary global challenges focusing specifically on clean energy. Key and recent research on the structure and chemistry of CB, including its uses as precursors to graphene quantum dots and hollow carbon spheres, is discussed in relation to renewable energy devices, electrochemical energy storage and environmental remediation. The surface chemistry of CB is closely related to that of graphitic and of turbostratic carbons through the predominant hexagonal carbon lattice from graphene fragments forming its basic structural units. Consequently, modern methods for grafting polymers and functional groups are easily translated to this abundant nanostructured material. Moreover, recent advances in electron microscopy that probe the structure of CB, and its electronic and physicochemical properties in nanocomposites revived the attention of what is wrongfully considered as a scientifically uninspiring material with limited potential for future technology breakthrough. CB has the potential to surge as a key player in renewable energy and environmental applications, meaning "When Black Turns Green".

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Section: Chemical Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Khodabakhshi

Fulvio

Andreoli

2020

Carbon

223

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Carbon black is composed of carbon primary spherical particles of diameters about 30 nm fused together by covalent bonds, thus forming aggregates. Several aggregates can interact to give place to a secondary structure known as agglomerate [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Carbon Materials Produced from Salts with Anions Containing Carbon Atoms for Carbon Paste Electrode

et al. 2021

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In the presented work, the properties of carbon materials obtained in the reaction of sodium bicarbonate (C–SB) and ammonium oxalate (C–AO) with magnesium by combustion synthesis were investigated. For the materials obtained in this way, the influence of the type of precursor on their properties was analyzed, including: Degree of crystallinity, porous structure, surface topography, and electrochemical properties. It has been shown that the products obtained in magnesiothermic process were found to contain largely the turbostratic carbon forming a petal-like graphene material. Both materials were used as modifiers of carbon paste electrodes, which were then used to determine the concentration of chlorophenol solutions by voltammetric method. It was shown that the peak current determined from the registered differential pulse voltammograms was mainly influenced by the volume of mesopores and the adsorption capacity of 4-chlorophenol for both obtained carbons.

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“…The small diameters for the CSs can be associated with the short dwell time used [42]. Typically, the growth of the spherical carbons is influenced by the type of precursor, reaction time, reaction temperature and the type of carrier gases [9,10,46]. Upon activation with K 2 CO 3 at 800 °C, the particle size did not change (182 ± 16 nm) and the activated CSs and activated BN-CSs were accreted (Figure 1c,d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accretion of the CSs can be explained using the diffusion-limited cluster aggregation model such as carbon black [47]. However, carbon black is synthesized by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons at higher temperatures (>1300 °C) [41] or pyrolysis of used tires [48] and thus, is more electrically conductive and differ in nanostructure [46] from the CSs that are grown at lower temperatures (˂1100 °C). Moreso, the CSs mainly comprise of sp 2 and sp 3 domains and are classified as soot-like carbon particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Structural, Textural, and Electrochemical Properties of Activated BN-Doped Spherical Carbons

et al. 2019

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In this study, the effect of K2CO3 activation on the structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of carbon spheres (CSs) and boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon spheres (BN-CSs) was evaluated. Activation of the CSs and BN-CSs by K2CO3 resulted in increased specific surface areas and ID/IG ratios. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, the BN-CSs comprised of 64% pyridinic-N, 24% pyrrolic-N and 7% graphitic-N whereas the activated BN-CSs had 19% pyridinic-N, 40% pyrrolic-N and 22% graphitic-N displaying the effect of activation on the type of N configurations in BN-CSs. A possible BN-co-doping and activation mechanism for the BN-CSs is proposed. Electrochemical analysis of the electrode materials revealed that BN doping, carbon morphology, structure, and porosity played a crucial role in enhancing the capacitive behavior of the CSs. As a proof of concept, a symmetric device comprising the activated BN-CSs displayed a specific power of 800 W kg−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1 within an operating cell potential of 1.6 V in a 3 M KNO3 electrolyte. The study illustrated for the first time the role of K2CO3 activation in influencing the physical and surface properties of template-free activated BN-CSs as potential electrode materials for energy storage systems.

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Nanostructure Quantification of Carbon Blacks

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

Studies on Carbon Materials Produced from Salts with Anions Containing Carbon Atoms for Carbon Paste Electrode

Deciphering the Structural, Textural, and Electrochemical Properties of Activated BN-Doped Spherical Carbons

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