Nanostructured Aptamer-Functionalized Black Phosphorus Sensing Platform for Label-Free Detection of Myoglobin, a Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker

Abstract

We report the electrochemical detection of the redox active cardiac biomarker myoglobin (Mb) using aptamer-functionalized black phosphorus nanostructured electrodes by measuring direct electron transfer. The as-synthesized few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets have been functionalized with poly-l-lysine (PLL) to facilitate binding with generated anti-Mb DNA aptamers on nanostructured electrodes. This aptasensor platform has a record-low detection limit (∼0.524 pg mL(-1)) and sensitivity (36 μA pg(-1) mL cm(-2)) toward Mb with a dynamic response range from 1 pg mL(-1) to 16 μg mL(-1) for Mb in serum samples. This strategy opens up avenues to bedside technologies for multiplexed diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in complex human samples.

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

“…Right:The anomalous water content cannot be seen, either by the naked eye or by the CCD camera used to take the photographs. [238] D) Competitive magneto-immunoassay for protein IgG using BP nanoparticles (NPs) as atag and HER electrocatalyst (proton reduction) by impact electrochemistry (spike count) as ad etection techniquea safunction of rabbit IgG concentrations (MB = magnetic bead). [66,105] with permission.…”

“…[66,105] with permission. [80,234,238,239] with permission. [234] C) Schematic representation of surface modification of liquid-phase-exfoliated BP nanosheetsfor the development of bio-interfaces for electrochemical detection of biomarker myoglobin (Mb).…”

“…[238] Thea s-synthesized few-layer BP nanosheets were functionalized with poly-l-lysine (PLL) to facilitate binding through Colombic interaction to the generated anti-Mb DNAaptamers ( Figure 5C). [238] Thea s-synthesized few-layer BP nanosheets were functionalized with poly-l-lysine (PLL) to facilitate binding through Colombic interaction to the generated anti-Mb DNAaptamers ( Figure 5C).…”

“…Biosensor applications of layered BP have been reported for H 2 O 2 , [237] myoglobin (Mb). [238] and immunoglobulin (IgG). [188,239] It has been suggested that the inherent electrochemistry of multilayer BP could be used for biosensing schemes.…”

Polyaniline Sheathed Black Phosphorous: A Novel, Advanced Platform for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

“…Figure S1 provided in the Supplementary Information (SI) is the Raman spectra of BP with the three peaks, A 1 g (344 cm −1 ), B 2g (419 cm −1 ) and A 2 g (451 cm −1 ) corresponding to the intralayer vibrations of P. The A 1 g peak is due to the out‐of plane vibration and B 2g and A 2 g mode indicate the in‐plane osciallation of P . Afterwards, FESEM studies (Figure ) were carried out to study the surface morphology of BP (Figure A) and compared with BP@PANI (Figure B and C).…”