Nanostructured carbide-derived carbon synthesized by chlorination of tungsten carbide

Tallo, Indrek; Thomberg, Thomas; Kontturi, Kyösti; Jänes, Alar; Lust, Enn

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.033

Cited by 97 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…in the fields of electrochemistry, gas storage and catalysis [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The pore size in these materials is highly influenced by the carbide precursor and reactive extraction temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

Silvestre-Albero

Rico-Francés

Rodríguez‐Reinoso

et al. 2013

Carbon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have been prepared starting from TiC and using different chlorine treatment temperatures (500ºC-1200ºC). Contrary to N 2 adsorption measurements at -196ºC, CO 2 adsorption measurements at room temperature and high pressure (up to 1 MPa) together with immersion calorimetry measurements into dichloromethane suggest that the synthesized CDC exhibit a similar porous structure, in terms of narrow pore volume, independently of the temperature of the reactive extraction treatment used (samples synthesized below 1000ºC). Apparently, these carbide-derived carbons exhibit narrow constrictions were CO 2 adsorption under standard conditions (0ºC and atmospheric pressure) is kinetically restricted. The same accounts for a slightly larger molecule as N 2 at a lower adsorption temperature (-196ºC), i.e. textural parameters obtained from N 2 adsorption measurements on CDC 2 must be underestimated. Furthermore, here we show experimentally that nitrogen exhibits an unusual behavior, poor affinity, on these carbide-derived carbons. CH 4 with a slightly larger diameter (0.39 nm) is able to partially access the inner porous structure whereas N 2 , with a slightly smaller diameter (0.36 nm), does not. Consequently, these CDC can be envisaged as excellent sorbent for selective CO 2 capture in flue-gas streams.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High selectivity of TiC-CDC for CO2/N2 separation

Silvestre-Albero

Rico-Francés

Rodríguez‐Reinoso

et al. 2013

Carbon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After drying under vacuum, the pure Al layer (2 μm) was deposited onto one side of the CDC by the magnetron sputtering method. [19][20][21] The electrolyte used was prepared from pure acetonitrile (AN, H 2 O <20 ppm), and from dry (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 (Stella Chemifa). The two-electrode standard Al test cell (HS Test Cell, Hohsen Corporation) with two identical electrodes (geometric area of about 2.0 cm 2 ) was completed inside a glove box (Labmaster sp, MBraun; O 2 and H 2 O concentrations lower than 0.1 ppm) and all electrochemical experiments were carried out at temperature T = 20…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Tee

Tallo

Thomberg

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Different mico-mesoporous silicon carbide-derived carbons (SiC-CDC) were synthesized via gas phase chlorination at 1100 • C and thereafter activated at 900 • C and 1000 • C with H 2 O steam using Ar and CO 2 as the carrier gases. The physical characterization data show that these materials are mainly amorphous, the structure does not change remarkably during the activation process and the surface chemistry of the differently activated and treated materials remains the same and there are no functional groups at the SiC-CDC surface. N 2 , Ar and CO 2 sorption measurements indicate an increase in the specific surface area and pore size distribution with increasing the activation temperature, whereas the influence of the carrier gas during synthesis is minimal. Although the specific surface areas and pore size distributions differed, the electrochemical parameters in 1 M (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 acetonitrile solution for all SiC-CDC materials were similar -specific gravimetric capacitances 130 ± 18 F g −1 and volumetric capacitance 67 ± 14 F cm Activated carbon materials are widely studied for several energy storage applications. In electrical-double layer capacitors (EDLC) different carbon materials are used for preparing the hierarchically micromesoporous electrodes.1-6 The use of activated carbon electrodes in EDLC-s is taking advantages of its micro-mesoporous structure to reduce the electrode's electrical resistance and improve energy storage performance.1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity.1,6-9 These properties make the CDC materials especially promising for energy storage/power generation applications. 2,4,8 To improve the carbon materials specific surface area and average pore size they are often activated by gas phase or liquid phase activation. Since gas phase activation enables cleaner production it is more favorable than liquid phase chemical activation.9,10 Carbon dioxide and H 2 O steam are the most widespread activating agents due to the cost-efficiency and endothermic nature of their reactions which allows better process control. 1Previously we have shown that gas phase activation with CO 2 of silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) resulted in doubling of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and noticeable increase in pore size.12 Due to that the electrochemical parameters where significantly enhanced.12,13 Román et al. have reported that while CO 2 produces narrow micropores on the carbons and widens them as activation time is increased, steam yields pores of all the sizes from the early stages of the process and results in wider pore size distribution and more obvious development of macropores in the carbon materials.9,11 Steam activation has been widely used before for different activated carbons, but it is not m...

show abstract

“…The specific surface area, micropore surface area (S micro ), micropore volume (V micro ) and total pore volume (V tot ) and other parameters for porous carbon materials were calculated according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and t-plot method. The pore size distribution was determined using non local density functional theory assuming a slit-shaped pores model [7][8][9]13,16]. …”

Section: Physical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, activated carbons (ACs) were synthesised from D-glucose by using HTC method followed by pyrolysis and activation with carbon dioxide at 900 °C with different activation step lengths to prepare carbon materials with variable specific surface area, pore size distribution and optimal ratio of micro-and mesopores for supercapacitor application [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Synthesised carbon materials were noted as GDAC (glucose derived activated carbon).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%