Nanostructured cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries: progress, challenges and perspectives

Rehman, Sarish; Khan, Kishwar; Zhao, Yufeng; Hou, Yanglong

doi:10.1039/c6ta10111a

Cited by 173 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…Despite the fast solid–liquid reaction kinetics in the upper discharge plateau at about 2.3 V, it is very challenging to achieve the theoretical capacity at this plateau. According to the former reports, even after repeated cycles, unreacted sulfur still exists . (ii) Sluggish kinetics—the common Li–S voltage profiles tend to show a higher polarization in the lower discharge plateau voltage due to limited kinetics for both electrons and lithium ions, which further results in a decrease in practical energy density.…”

Section: Challenges Of Lithium–sulfur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Immobilization Effect on Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Guo

et al. 2017

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Despite great progress in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), great obstacles still exist to achieve high loading content of sulfur and avoid the loss of active materials due to the dissolution of the intermediate polysulfide products in the electrolyte. Relationships between the intrinsic properties of nanostructured hosts and electrochemical performance of LSBs, especially, the chemical interaction effects on immobilizing polysulfides for LSB cathodes, are discussed in this Review. Moreover, the principle of rational microstructure design for LSB cathode materials with strong chemical interaction adsorbent effects on polysulfides, such as metallic compounds, metal particles, organic polymers, and heteroatom-doped carbon, is mainly described. According to the chemical immobilizing mechanism of polysulfide on LSB cathodes, three kinds of chemical immobilizing effects, including the strong chemical affinity between polar host and polar polysulfides, the chemical bonding effect between sulfur and the special function groups/atoms, and the catalytic effect on electrochemical reaction kinetics, are thoroughly reviewed. To improve the electrochemical performance and long cycling life-cycle stability of LSBs, possible solutions and strategies with respect to the rational design of the microstructure of LSB cathodes are comprehensively analyzed.

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Section: Challenges Of Lithium–sulfur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) Illustration of the charging/discharging process representing the products of polysulfides and insoluble Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S in a rechargeable LSB consisting of a negative lithium anode, a positive sulfur cathode, and an electrolyte. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, the Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Challenges Of Lithium–sulfur Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Immobilization Effect on Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Guo

et al. 2017

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168

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Since the 1990s, the advent of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has greatly changed the landscape of green energy due to their high working voltage, low maintenance cost, and large energy density. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Since the 1990s, the advent of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has greatly changed the landscape of green energy due to their high working voltage, low maintenance cost, and large energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Scientific Issues for Industrial Applications of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Liu

Fang

Xie

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

169

118

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Inspired by high theoretical energy density (~2600 W h kg−1) and cost‐effectiveness of sulfur cathode, lithium–sulfur batteries are receiving great attention and considered as one of the most promising next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries. However, over the past decades, the energy density and reliable safety levels as well as the commercial progress of lithium–sulfur batteries are still far from satisfactory due to the disconnection and huge gap between fundamental research and practical application. Therefore, it is highly necessary to revisit the scientific issues for the industrial applications of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this review, we focus on discussing the impact of design parameters (such as compaction density, sulfur loading, and electrolyte/sulfur ratio) on the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries and corresponding inherent relationship and rules between them. We also propose the practical design rules of advanced sulfur electrodes. Moreover, safety hazard in respect of electrolyte, separator, and lithium metal anode is also illustrated in detail. With the target of paving the way for practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries, feasible solutions and strategies are brought up to address the aforementioned problems. Finally, we will discuss the current challenges and future research chance of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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“…However, there exist intrinsic weaknesses for solar and wind powers, such as intermittency and out of control, which lead to significant challenges in efficient and economical electrical energy storage (EES) systems (Wang et al., 2018, Manthiram et al., 2015). Rechargeable battery systems such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have ruled over the electronic market for over a century and are the most viable option for EES (Mahmood et al., 2013, Rehman et al., 2017, Armand and Tarascon, 2008, Chen et al., 2018). Among them, LIBs possess many advantages, such as high energy density, high operating voltage, low self-discharge rate, no memory effects, and long lifetime (Zhou et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2012, Meng et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2018

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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) represent a promising energy storage technology, and they show potential for next-generation high-energy systems due to their high specific capacity, abundant constitutive resources, non-toxicity, low cost, and environment friendliness. Unlike their ubiquitous lithium-ion battery counterparts, the application of LSBs is challenged by several obstacles, including short cycling life, limited sulfur loading, and severe shuttling effect of polysulfides. To make LSBs a viable technology, it is very important to design and synthesize outstanding cathode materials with novel structures and properties. In this review, we summarize recent progress in designs, preparations, structures, and properties of cathode materials for LSBs, emphasizing binary, ternary, and quaternary sulfur-based composite materials. We especially highlight the utilization of carbons to construct sulfur-based composite materials in this exciting field. An extensive discussion of the emerging challenges and possible future research directions for cathode materials for LSBs is provided.

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Nanostructured cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries: progress, challenges and perspectives

Abstract: This review article summarises the progress, challenges and prospects of nanostructured cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries.

Cited by 173 publications

References 219 publications

Chemical Immobilization Effect on Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Chemical Immobilization Effect on Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Revisiting Scientific Issues for Industrial Applications of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Advances in Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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