Nanostructured materials for low-temperature fuel cells

Influence of the support structure and composition of Ni–Cu-based catalysts on hydrogen production by methanol steam reforming

“…7) due to reaction 2. This is a very negative factor, as even trace CO quantities can lead to irreversible poisoning of catalysts for low temperature fuel cells and result in a deterioration of membrane for the hydrogen purification based on noble metals [3]. Moreover the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio, obtained using copper-rich catalyst is very close to stoichiometric (reaction 1), demonstrating almost complete absence of side reactions in steam reforming process in this case.…”

“…However, process leads to a syngas evolution, wherein the ratio of hydrogen and CO is usually less than 2: 1 [14]. Such hydrogen is unsuitable for low-temperature fuel cells due to poisoning of its catalyst even in the presence of trace impurities of CO [3,15].…”

Structure of perfluorinated membranes investigated by method of standard contact porosimetry

“…It allows using the given method for an evaluation of the various factor influences on structural properties of perfluorinated membranes. The special interest to a research of porous structure of membranes is recently related to the application of these materials like a solid polymer electrolyte in low temperature fuel cells [43,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. This is due to the fact that the proton conductivity and selectivity of perfluorinated membranes are connected directly to effective sizes of cavities in their structure [44,78,79].…”

Proton conductivity of polyantimonic acid studied by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 370–480 K

“…In recent years, proton conductors have occupied a special place among solid electrolytes because they find practical application in low temperature fuel cells [1,2]. The number of proton conducting materials is constantly growing, but they do not completely meet appropriate requirements [3][4][5].…”