Nanostructured SiO₂ material: synthesis advances and applications in rubber reinforcement

Abstract

This review discusses recent advances in the synthesis of nanostructured SiO2 from synthetic chemicals, and biogenic and mineral ore resources, its physical characteristics, and its applications in rubber reinforcement.

Effect of SiO2 surface modification on the filler‐reinforced interfaces in SiO2‐filled functional styrene butadiene rubber composites

“…As shown in Figure 9, the highest Δ G ' ( G ' difference between ε = 0.28% and ε = 128%) values are recorded for the composites containing pure silica that is, GSSBR/SiO 2 @Pure and FSSBR/SiO 2 @Pure subjecting to enhanced filler‐filler network and agglomerates formation within rubber composites 27 . Composites with SiO 2 @Si69, such as GSSBR/SiO 2 @Si69 and FSSBR/SiO 2 @Si69, were seen with the smallest ΔG' values, thereby indicating that adding Si69 in silica led to inhibiting the aggregation of SiO 2 particles and forming a weaker filler network with more uniform filler‐rubber dispersion 49 . Furthermore, the change in shear moduli value ΔG' for GSSBR+SiO 2 @PEG and GSSBR+SiO 2 @(Si69/PEG) compounds were found in between GSSBR+SiO 2 @Pure and FSSBR+SiO 2 @Si69, indicating moderate filler Payne effects occurred in both composites.…”

“…27 Composites with SiO 2 @Si69, such as GSSBR/SiO 2 @Si69 and FSSBR/ SiO 2 @Si69, were seen with the smallest ΔG' values, thereby indicating that adding Si69 in silica led to inhibiting the aggregation of SiO 2 particles and forming a weaker filler network with more uniform filler-rubber dispersion. 49 Furthermore, the change in shear moduli value ΔG' for GSSBR+SiO 2 @PEG and GSSBR+SiO 2 @ (Si69/PEG) compounds were found in between GSSBR +SiO 2 @Pure and FSSBR+SiO 2 @Si69, indicating moderate filler Payne effects occurred in both composites. In composites containing modified silica, a gradual leveling is observed in the lower strain; this suggests that the filler clusters exhibit significant resistance to deformation, attributable to the strong interaction between the filler and polymer phases and are therefore not readily broken down.…”

Mesoporous Spherical Silica Filler Prepared from Coal Gasification Fine Slag for Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement and Promoting Vulcanization

“…Obviously, P-silica had the lowest specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size due to the lack of a pore structure. By contrast, the abundant internal and external pore structures of FS-SiO 2 led to a large specific surface area, which meant that more active positions could make contact with the rubber matrix [ 33 ]. The physical entanglement of the molecular chain of the SBR matrix and the mesoporous structure of FS-SiO 2 significantly affected the filler’s reinforcement ability.…”

Impact of Nanoscale Polyaniline and Fly Ash on Engineering Properties of Adobe Bricks for North Coast Region of Egypt

“…These react with SiO2 tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional amorphous polymeric chain (Muhammud and Gupta, 2022) The formation of the intermediate form of geopolymer precursor from the synthesis of silica and alumina in the presence of NaOH solution is described by Equation (1). The formation of a geometrics chain composed of Polysialate (-Si-O-Al-O-) bonds is described by Equation (2).…”