Nanostructures and nanomechanical properties of ion-irradiated HOPG

Zhou, Yuying; Wang, Ying; Lei, Qiantao; Huang, Qing; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Yan

doi:10.1007/s42823-020-00183-5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…The length and thickness of the crystals were ≈10–100 and 4–9 µm, respectively. The Young's modulus and stiffness of the crystals measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based nanoindentation were 3.6 GPa and 68.2 N m −1 (Figure 1B and Figure S1, Supporting Information), respectively, comparable to those of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, [ 14 ] indicating that the crystals were stiff and brittle. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry studies indicated that the isoleucine crystals were thermally stable, with a decomposition temperature of 283 °C (Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the Piezoelectric Sensitivity of Amino Acid Crystals by Mechanical Annealing for the Engineering of Fully Degradable Force Sensors

Cheng

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Biodegradable piezoelectric force sensors can be used as implantable medical devices for monitoring physiological pressures of impaired organs or providing essential stimuli for drug delivery and tissue regeneration without the need of additional invasive removal surgery or battery power. However, traditional piezoelectric materials, such as inorganic ceramics and organic polymers, show unsatisfactory degradability, and cytotoxicity. Amino acid crystals are biocompatible and exhibit outstanding piezoelectric properties, but their small crystal size makes it difficult to align the crystals for practical applications. Here, a mechanical-annealing strategy is reported for engineering all-organic biodegradable piezoelectric force sensors using natural amino acid crystals as piezoelectric materials. It is shown that the piezoelectric constant of the mechanical-annealed crystals can reach 12 times that of the single crystal powders. Moreover, mechanical annealing results in flat and smooth surfaces, thus improving the contact of the crystal films with the electrodes and leading to high output voltages of the devices. The packaged force sensors can be used to monitor dynamic motions, including muscle contraction and lung respiration, in vivo for 4 weeks and then gradually degrade without causing obvious inflammation or systemic toxicity. This work provides a way to engineer all-organic and biodegradable force sensors for potential clinical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%