Nanotechnologies Applied in Biomedical Vaccines

Abstract

Vaccination, one of the most effective strategies to prevent infectious diseases, is the administration of antigenic materials to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a specific pathogen. Though it is so advantageous for diseases control and prevention, vaccines still have some limitations. Nanotechnology is an approach to prepare a novel biomedicine-vaccine with the vaccine consumption and side effects significantly decreased. Regulation is the most important criterion for the development of nanovaccines. All marketing products have to meet the requirement of regulation. The fast track designation potentially aids in the development and expedites the review of nanovaccines that show promises in an unmet medical need. Here, some successful nanovaccine products are introduced-Inflexal ® V, Epaxal ® , Gardasil TM and Cervarix TM have been widely used for the clinical applications, which are delivered in the form of either virosomes or virus-like particles. Vaccines based on nanotechnology may overcome their original disadvantages and lead to the development of painless, safer and more effective products. In this study, nanotechnology is shown to be a good strategy to make a perfect vaccination system through advanced skills and strict regulation requirements.

Nanoparticles as Vaccines to Prevent Arbovirus Infection: A Long Road Ahead

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size between 10-1000 nm that demonstrate unique properties and functions due to their size [1][2][3]. Although nanotechnology is not a new concept, it has gained significant prominence in recent decades due to advances in materials science and nanoengineering, making it especially attractive for bioscience applications, such as drug and antigen delivery systems [4][5][6]. Nanoparticles based on organic and inorganic compounds have been widely explored as new vaccine platforms due to their ability to stimulate the immune system and provide sustained antigen release after vaccine administration [4,7,8].…”