Nanotechnology approaches for enhanced CNS delivery in treating Alzheimer's disease

Arya, Mona; Kumar, Maneesha K. Manoj; Sabitha, M.; Menon, Krishnakumar N.; Nair, Sreeja C.

doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.022

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In the diseased condition, the APP is cleaved by beta secretase into sAPP-beta and C99 fraction, which is membrane bound. Gamma secretase acts upon the C99 fraction producing either Aβ40 or Aβ42, which cause the plaques to deposit [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This disrupts the normal functioning of sAPP, leading to metabolic changes, decreased neuronal excitability, conditions favoring oxidative stress and dysregulated calcium homeostasis.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor by the amyloid beta and prion proteins, in addition to the activation of Fyn by prion protein and Fyn tyrosine kinase-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 complex (FynmGluR5), results in the decrease of NMDA receptors [ 101 ]. Fyn, upon overstimulation, causes cognitive damage and synaptic losses leading to the disease condition [ 28 ]. Memantine, a drug that functions as an NMDA receptor blocker, has been approved by FDA and is currently in use, although relatively preferred less in comparison to AChE inhibitor drugs.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Major Hypotheses and Therapeutic Options in Nanotechnology

et al. 2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressively fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is the most prominent form of dementia found today. Patients suffering from Alzheimer’s begin to show the signs and symptoms, like decline in memory and cognition, long after the cellular damage has been initiated in their brain. There are several hypothesis for the neurodegeneration process; however, the lack of availability of in vivo models makes the recapitulation of AD in humans impossible. Moreover, the drugs currently available in the market serve to alleviate the symptoms and there is no cure for the disease. There have been two major hurdles in the process of finding the same—the inefficiency in cracking the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and the inefficiency in delivery of drugs targeted for AD. This review discusses the different drugs that have been designed over the recent years and the drug delivery options in the field of nanotechnology that have been found most feasible in surpassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reaching the brain.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Major Hypotheses and Therapeutic Options in Nanotechnology

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, nanotechnology-based strategies have proven effective and shown capability to overcome these drawbacks innate to BBB passage and used as the carriers of drug molecules [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be an excellent system for transporting drug to the specified organ with controlled drug release and minimal side effects [27]. NPs guarantee a potential therapeutic outcome of a drug candidate without modifying its physiochemical properties and enhance solubility of the drug, high stability, high specificity, and high therapeutic efficacy [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be an excellent system for transporting drug to the specified organ with controlled drug release and minimal side effects [27]. NPs guarantee a potential therapeutic outcome of a drug candidate without modifying its physiochemical properties and enhance solubility of the drug, high stability, high specificity, and high therapeutic efficacy [27,28]. It was already reported that NPs are one of the reliable approaches for reducing the death rate in patients with AD [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPs guarantee a potential therapeutic outcome of a drug candidate without modifying its physiochemical properties and enhance solubility of the drug, high stability, high specificity, and high therapeutic efficacy [27,28]. It was already reported that NPs are one of the reliable approaches for reducing the death rate in patients with AD [27]. Due to their small size, the administration of NPs can be achieved via various routes including nasal, oral, and parenteral, making nanotechnology a promising approach at present and in future [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future ‘Avengers’ against the Alzheimer’s Disease?

Dabur

Loureiro

Pereira

2020

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious health concern, affecting millions of people globally, which leads to cognitive impairment, dementia, and inevitable death. There is still no medically accepted treatment for AD. Developing therapeutic treatments for AD is an overwhelming challenge in the medicinal field, as the exact mechanics underlying its devastating symptoms is still not completely understood. Rather than the unknown mechanism of the disease, one of the limiting factors in developing new drugs for AD is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A combination of nanotechnology with fluorinated molecules is proposed as a promising therapeutic treatment to meet the desired pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties for crossing the BBB passage. This paper reviews the research conducted on fluorine-containing compounds and fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) that have been designed and tested for the inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation. Additionally, this study summarizes fluorinated molecules and NPs as promising agents and further future work is encouraged to be effective for the treatment of AD.

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Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Ability

Song,

Li,

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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As a form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from no efficacious cure, yet AD treatment is still imperative, as it ameliorates the symptoms or prevents it from deteriorating or maintains the current status to the longest extent. The human brain is the most sensitive and complex organ in the body, which is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This yet induces the difficulty in curing AD as the drugs or nanomaterials that are much inhibited from reaching the lesion site. Thus, BBB crossing capability of drug delivery system remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Fortunately, nano‐enabled delivery systems possess promising potential to achieve multifunctional diagnostics/therapeutics against various targets of AD owing to their intriguing advantages of nanocarriers, including easy multifunctionalization on surfaces, high surface‐to‐volume ratio with large payloads, and potential ability to cross the BBB, making them capable of conquering the limitations of conventional drug candidates. This review, which focuses on the BBB crossing ability of the multifunctional nanomaterials in AD diagnosis and treatment, will provide an insightful vision that is conducive to the development of AD‐related nanomaterials.

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Nanotechnology approaches for enhanced CNS delivery in treating Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 85 publications

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Major Hypotheses and Therapeutic Options in Nanotechnology

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Major Hypotheses and Therapeutic Options in Nanotechnology

Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future ‘Avengers’ against the Alzheimer’s Disease?

Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Ability

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