Nanotechnology Approaches for the Delivery of Exogenous siRNA for HIV Therapy

Campbell

et al. 2020

mBio

Therapeutic strategies that provide effective and broad‐spectrum neutralization against HIV-1 infection are highly desirable. Here, we investigate the potential of nanoengineered CD4+ T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (TNP) to neutralize a broad range of HIV-1 strains. TNP displayed outstanding neutralizing breadth and potency; they neutralized all 125 HIV-1-pseudotyped viruses tested, including global subtypes/recombinant forms, and transmitted/founder viruses, with a geometric mean 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80) of 819 μg ml−1 (range, 72 to 8,570 μg ml−1). TNP also selectively bound to and induced autophagy in HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages, while having no effect on uninfected cells. This TNP-mediated autophagy inhibited viral release and reduced cell-associated HIV-1 in a dose- and phospholipase D1-dependent manner. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy ablated this effect. Thus, we can use TNP as therapeutic agents to neutralize cell-free HIV-1 and to target HIV-1 gp120-expressing cells to decrease the HIV-1 reservoir. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 is a major global health challenge. The development of an effective vaccine and/or a therapeutic cure is a top priority. The creation of vaccines that focus an antibody response toward a particular epitope of a protein has shown promise, but the genetic diversity of HIV-1 hinders this progress. Here we developed an approach using nanoengineered CD4+ T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (TNP). Not only do TNP effectively neutralize all strains of HIV-1, but they also selectively bind to infected cells and decrease the release of HIV-1 particles through an autophagy-dependent mechanism with no drug-induced off-target or cytotoxic effects on bystander cells.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4 ⁺ T Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 and Suppress Viral Replication through Autophagy

Campbell

et al. 2020

mBio

“…[19,20] Nanoparticles have also enabled nonviral delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence gene expression in repertoire cells (such as CD4 + lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and HIV viruses. [21,22] Mean-while, nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies also offer high capabilities of modulating host immune responses through improved immune targeting and combined presentation of antigen and adjuvant, which together enhance vaccine safety and anti-HIV immunity. [16] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T‐Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticles Can Neutralize HIV Infectivity

et al. 2018

To improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention, therapeutic strategies that can provide effective and broad-spectrum neutralization against viral infection are highly desirable. Inspired by recent advances of cell-membrane coating technology, herein, plasma membranes of CD4+ T cells are collected and coated onto polymeric cores. The resulting T-cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles (denoted as “TNPs”) inherit T cell surface antigens critical for HIV binding, such as CD4 receptor and CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. The TNPs act as decoys for viral attack and neutralize HIV by diverting the viruses away from their intended host targets. This decoy strategy, which simulates host cell functions for viral neutralization rather than directly suppressing viral replication machinery, has the potential to overcome HIV genetic diversity while not eliciting high selective pressure. In this study, it is demonstrated that TNPs selectively bind with gp120, a key envelope glycoprotein of HIV, and inhibit gp120-induced killing of bystander CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, when added to HIV viruses, TNPs effectively neutralize the viral infection of peripheral mononuclear blood cells and human-monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, by leveraging natural T cell functions, TNPs show great potential as a new therapeutic agent against HIV infection.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

“…Combinations of three or more drugs, known as highly active ARV therapies (HAART), have significantly improved the expectations and quality of life of HIV-infected individuals; but these therapies are not without side effects. A variety of reviews have been published specifically focusing on the development of HIV/AIDS vaccines [ 159 , 160 ] and siRNA drugs for HIV treatment [ 149 , [161] , [162] , [163] ].…”

Section: Development Of Lnps For Sirna Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in siRNA delivery mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles

Yonezawa

Koide

Asai

2020

258

157

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been expected to be a unique pharmaceutic for the treatment of broad-spectrum intractable diseases. However, its unfavorable properties such as easy degradation in the blood and negative-charge density are still a formidable barrier for clinical use. For disruption of this barrier, siRNA delivery technology has been significantly advanced in the past two decades. The approval of Patisiran (ONPATTRO™) for the treatment of transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, the first approved siRNA drug, is a most important milestone. Since lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) are used in Patisiran, LNP-based siRNA delivery is now of significant interest for the development of the next siRNA formulation. In this review, we describe the design of LNPs for the improvement of siRNA properties, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Recently, a number of siRNA-encapsulated LNPs were reported for the treatment of intractable diseases such as cancer, viral infection, inflammatory neurological disorder, and genetic diseases. We believe that these contributions address and will promote the development of an effective LNP-based siRNA delivery system and siRNA formulation.