Nanotechnology-Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Infections

Hetta, Helal F; Ramadan, Yasmin N.; Al-Kadmy, Israa M.S.; Ellah, Noura H. Abd; Shbibe, Lama; Battah, Basem

doi:10.3390/pathogens12081033

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, the increasing percentages of C. auris isolates resistant to the main classes of antifungals and the “high” mortality rate associated with it have posed a great challenge in the search for new therapeutic compounds and new approaches such as the use of nanoemulsions/nanoformulations that could complement or replace current antifungal therapies [ 40 ]. In a paper by Marena et al [ 41 ] from 2023, nanoemulsions (NE) containing micafungin were developed to combat C. auris infections.…”

Section: Therapy and Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

Cristina,

Spagnolo,

Sartini

et al. 2023

JoF

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Candida auris has become a major concern in critical care medicine due to the increasing number of immunocompromised patients and candidiasis is the most frequent cause of fungal infections. C. auris and other fungal pathogens are responsible for at least 13 million infections and 1.5 million deaths globally per year. In immunocompromised patients, infections can quickly become severe, causing wound infections, otitis and candidemia, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation of C. auris is often non-specific and similar to other types of systemic infections; in addition, it is harder to identify from cultures than other, more common types of Candida spp. Some infections are particularly difficult to treat due to multi-resistance to several antifungal agents, including fluconazole (and other azoles), amphotericin B and echinocandins. This entails treatment with more drugs and at higher doses. Even after treatment for invasive infections, patients generally remain colonized for long periods, so all infection control measures must be followed during and after treatment of the C. auris infection. Screening patients for C. auris colonization enables facilities to identify individuals with C. auris colonization and to implement infection prevention and control measures. This pathogenic fungus shows an innate resilience, enabling survival and persistence in healthcare environment and the ability to rapidly colonize the patient’s skin and be easily transmitted within the healthcare setting, thus leading to a serious and prolonged outbreak.

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Section: Therapy and Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

Cristina,

Spagnolo,

Sartini

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) phenotypes of resistant bacteria have all recently been identified. Accordingly, MDR and XDR bacteria pose a severe danger to public health and the effectiveness of frequently prescribed antibiotics [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. MDR, XDR, and PDR Gram-negative bacteria have been steadily increasing in recent years, and most cases have been reported to be affected by MDR or XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy, a Salvage Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Causing Infective Endocarditis

Hetta,

Rashed,

Ramadan

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as an infection of the endocardium, or inner surface of the heart, most frequently affecting the heart valves or implanted cardiac devices. Despite its rarity, it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. IE generally occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other germs from another part of the body, such as the mouth, spread through the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in the heart. The epidemiology of IE has changed as a consequence of aging and the usage of implantable cardiac devices and heart valves. The right therapeutic routes must be assessed to lower complication and fatality rates, so this requires early clinical suspicion and a fast diagnosis. It is urgently necessary to create new and efficient medicines to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial (MDR) infections because of the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance on a worldwide scale. MDR bacteria that cause IE can be treated using phages rather than antibiotics to combat MDR bacterial strains. This review will illustrate how phage therapy began and how it is considered a powerful potential candidate for the treatment of MDR bacteria that cause IE. Furthermore, it gives a brief about all reported clinical trials that demonstrated the promising effect of phage therapy in combating resistant bacterial strains that cause IE and how it will become a hope in future medicine.

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Candida auris Resistance Mechanisms to Amphotericin B Alternative Treatments Development

Fenton,

John

2024

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Systemic fungal infections caused by Candida auris have been identified since 2009, with mortality rates and drug resistance being noticeably higher than other forms of fungal or nosocomial infections. This review article will be a timely addition to the growing body of literature on how alternative or dual-action treatments may become mainstream or required outside the initial trio of antifungal drug classes, including C. auris. Recent Findings Amphotericin B of the polyene class of antifungals has been used in infections caused by this organism but has also been associated with adverse events and patient toxicity. The use of this drug has been demonstrated in dual-action treatments and clinical investigations and confers a greater degree of infection clearance. Summary A greater understanding of fungal yeast infections has also shown the ability for cell-mediated apoptosis in response to Amphotericin B damaging the fungal cell. This supports treatment methods that can still cause cell death with lower dosages being required, though this drug’s specific mechanism of cell membrane binding is not entirely understood. This demonstrates that alternative or dual action treatments may become mainstream or required outside the initial trio of antifungal drug classes.

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Nanotechnology-Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 154 publications

An Overview on Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

An Overview on Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

Phage Therapy, a Salvage Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Causing Infective Endocarditis

Candida auris Resistance Mechanisms to Amphotericin B Alternative Treatments Development

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