Nanotechnology-Enabled COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

Gao, Yu; Yang, Kaiyun; Shelling, Andrew N.; Wu, Zimei

doi:10.3390/encyclopedia1030059

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ionizable lipid developed by Moderna has increased biodegradability and drives immunogenicity of their LNPs [35]. Faster elimination of biodegradable ionizable lipid improves tolerability without compromising immune response [36].…”

Section: Viral and Non-viral Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines

2021

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In December 2019, a new and highly pathogenic coronavirus emerged—coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly spread throughout the world. In response to this global pandemic, a few vaccines were allowed for emergency use, beginning in November 2020, of which the mRNA-based vaccines by Moderna (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) and BioNTech (BioTech, Mainz, Germany)/Pfizer (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) have been identified as the most effective ones. The mRNA platform allowed rapid development of vaccines, but their global use is limited by ultracold storage requirements. Most resource-poor countries do not have cold chain storage to execute mass vaccination. Therefore, determining strategies to increase stability of mRNA-based vaccines in relatively higher temperatures can be a game changer to address the current global pandemic and upcoming new waves. In this review, we summarized the current research strategies to enhance stability of the RNA vaccine delivery system.

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Section: Viral and Non-viral Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines

2021

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“…The formulation of the mRNA in lipid nanoparticles allows for its entry into host cells without degradation. Expression of the genetic information by the cellular machinery produces the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which is displayed on the cell surface [ 16 ]. Detection of this antigen induces an immune response against the S antigen, including both neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, which is the basis of protection against COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Comirnaty® Vaccine and Correlates of Immunogenicity and Adverse Reactions: A Single-Center Prospective Case Series Study

et al. 2022

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The literature suggests that real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine depend on the characteristics of the vaccinated volunteers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibody responses and kinetics, established association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and adverse reactions after complete vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. A single-center prospective case series study was conducted with 112 eligible volunteers who were institutionalized elderly and health care workers with had a negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test prior to receiving the first dose of vaccine. At least one serological antibody test after each dose of vaccine was performed. Volunteers with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test before vaccination were excluded. A chemiluminescent immunoassay anti-S1 antibody assay performed a serological evaluation. Both vaccine doses elicited positive IgG antibodies 3799.0 ± 2503.0 AU/mL and 8212.0 ± 4731.0 AU/mL after 20 days of the first and second doses of BNT162b2, respectively. Comirnaty® vaccine induced an immune response with antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 in 100% of participants, regardless of age (Spearman rho = −0.10, p-value = 0.312), body mass index (Spearman rho = 0.05, p-value = 0.640), blood group first dose (p-value for Kruskal–Wallis test = 0.093) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal–Wallis test = 0. 268), number of drugs (Spearman rho = −0.07, p-value = 0.490), and number of chronic diseases first dose (p-value for Kruskal–Wallis test = 0.632) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal–Wallis test = 0.510). IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were intensely elevated after the second administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The higher the titer of anti-peptide IgG antibodies generated after the first dose of vaccine, the higher the titer generated by the second dose of vaccine (Spearman rho = 0.86, p-value < 0.001) and the total antibody titer (Spearman rho = 0.93, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, no serious adverse effects were reported among participants, although mild to moderate adverse effects (local or systemic) were reported after both doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, being more frequent after the first dose of the vaccine. No participants showed a positive PCR. The BNT162b2 vaccine induces a robust and rapid antibody response regardless of participant characteristics. The second dose might be especially important because of the increased immunogenicity it produces and the possible temporal distancing of the interval between doses. In general, the vaccines were well tolerated.

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“…Liposomes are spherical vesicles having phospholipid bilayers that are biocompatible, degradable, have high affinity for skin membranes, (48) and have the ability to encapsulate drugs and control their physical properties by controlling the lipid composition. The properties of liposomes under physiological conditions are determined from the physicochemical properties of the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic fatty acid tail of the constituent lipids.…”

Section: Types and Composition Of Lipids That Affect The Physical Cha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Topical and Systemic Distribution Kinetics of Liposomes with Various Properties for Application to Drug Delivery Systems

Ibaraki¹,

Kanazawa²

2022

Sensors and Materials

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Liposomes and lipid nanoparticles have been actively researched and developed as drug delivery carriers owing to their many advantages, such as high biocompatibility and degradability. Their in vivo kinetics depend on the route of administration, i.e., topical or intravenous, and their physical properties, such as particle size and surface charge. Designing liposomes that regulate in vivo kinetics and ensure efficient delivery to disease sites will result in excellent therapeutic effects. However, only a handful of studies have examined whether the characteristics and constituent lipids of liposomes can control histological and in vivo kinetics. In this review, we focus on the surface charge and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifications of liposomes and evaluate their biodistribution. On the basis of our findings, we expound the effects of the intradermal permeability, inflammatory site accumulation, and physical properties of liposomes on systemic distribution kinetics.

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Nanotechnology-Enabled COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines

Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines

Effectiveness of Comirnaty® Vaccine and Correlates of Immunogenicity and Adverse Reactions: A Single-Center Prospective Case Series Study

In Vivo Topical and Systemic Distribution Kinetics of Liposomes with Various Properties for Application to Drug Delivery Systems

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