Nanotechnology for CNS delivery of bio-therapeutic agents

Shah, Lipa; Yadav, Sunita; Amiji, Mansoor M.

doi:10.1007/s13346-013-0133-3

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…[58][59][60] This route involves the olfactory or trigeminal nerve systems, which are initiated from parts of the brain and terminate in the nasal cavity at the olfactory epithelium or respiratory epithelium, all of which bypass the BBB. 61 Other studies have attempted to focus on the nerve conduction velocity in nanomaterials. For example, De Lorenzo 62 reported that gold NPs (50 nm in size) were translocated by the olfactory nerve after nasal administration in the squirrel monkey, and the transfer speed was 2.5 mm/hour.…”

Section: Sensory Nerve Translocation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of dental nanomaterials: potential toxicity to the central nervous system

Feng¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Nanomaterials are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1–100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of nanomaterials yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the nanomaterials, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental nanomaterials and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of nanomaterials. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems.

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Section: Sensory Nerve Translocation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of dental nanomaterials: potential toxicity to the central nervous system

Feng¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

IJN

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“…The intranasal delivery of nanomedicines may be an interesting option due to the direct nose-to-brain transport, which bypasses the BBB. 111 Another issue is related to the accumulation of antiretroviral drugs and even nanocarriers at the CNS and their potential neurotoxicity, particularly when long-term regimens are needed. The biodistribution patterns of NPs once in the CNS, alongside their long-term fate, also require additional understanding.…”

Section: Conclusion and Remaining Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to improve the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in the central nervous system

Gomes

Neves

2014

IJN

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Antiretroviral drug therapy plays a cornerstone role in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Despite obvious advances over the past 3 decades, new approaches toward improved management of infected individuals are still required. Drug distribution to the central nervous system (CNS) is required in order to limit and control viral infection, but the presence of natural barrier structures, in particular the blood–brain barrier, strongly limits the perfusion of anti-HIV compounds into this anatomical site. Nanotechnology-based approaches may help providing solutions for antiretroviral drug delivery to the CNS by potentially prolonging systemic drug circulation, increasing the crossing and reducing the efflux of active compounds at the blood–brain barrier, and providing cell/tissue-targeting and intracellular drug delivery. After an initial overview on the basic features of HIV infection of the CNS and barriers to active compound delivery to this anatomical site, this review focuses on recent strategies based on antiretroviral drug-loaded solid nanoparticles and drug nanosuspensions for the potential management of HIV infection of the CNS.

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“…The BBB is a dynamic barrier that protects the brain against unwanted substances, as well as being a barrier to drug transport into the brain from the blood circulation. Despite impressive advances in treatment options, the success rates are still moderate for CNS disorders, including brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and stroke [1]. The majority of therapeutic compounds administered to the CNS have inadequate brain uptake owing to low permeability across the BBB or efflux by multidrug resistant (MDR) proteins or unusual plasma protein binding [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%