Nanotechnology impacting probiotics and prebiotics: a paradigm shift in nutraceuticals technology

Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies through Psychobiotics, Nanotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)

“…The integration of nanotechnology in the field of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics offers innovative solutions to the challenges of their widespread use in the treatment and prevention of diseases like cancer and gastrointestinal disorders. Traditionally, the survival and efficacy of these nutraceutical compounds were limited by the adverse conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, such as acidic pH and high oxygen concentration, which cause oxidative damage to the probiotic cells [16,17]. To ensure health benefits, a specific dose of viable cells is recommended, which often is not maintained until reaching the site of action due to these hostile conditions [16].…”

“…Traditionally, the survival and efficacy of these nutraceutical compounds were limited by the adverse conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, such as acidic pH and high oxygen concentration, which cause oxidative damage to the probiotic cells [16,17]. To ensure health benefits, a specific dose of viable cells is recommended, which often is not maintained until reaching the site of action due to these hostile conditions [16]. Nanotechnology emerges as a solution to these problems, allowing the development and characterization of nanomaterials and nanoparticles that encapsulate probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-psychobiotics, in this particular case, for the treatment of schizophrenia-protecting them from adverse gastric conditions and ensuring their safe release at the site of action [9,17,18].…”

“…These nanomaterials can be of natural or synthetic origin and must be biocompatible, biodegradable, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The use of nanomaterials and nanostructures in the food industry not only improves food quality but also extends its shelf life, increases safety, and maintains cost and nutritional benefits [16][17][18].…”

“…However, both approaches face challenges, including the potential toxicity of nanomaterials and the need for further research on the safety and efficacy of these technologies. Despite these obstacles, nanotechnology and microencapsulation represent significant advancements in the treatment of brain diseases and in improving gastrointestinal and oral health, marking the path towards future innovations in the medical field [16,17].…”

The interaction between gut microbiome and bone health

“…The study proposes a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies for degenerative and infectious diseases, including COVID-19, by understanding the negative impact of dysbiosis, coupled with insights into immune system dynamics and endocrine balance. The association between genetic variants of interleukin-10 and other key immune-related genes holds promise for risk assessment in systemic diseases linked to chronic dysbiosis [ 74 – 81 , 82 ▪▪ , 83 , 84 ▪▪ , 85 ▪▪ ].…”