Nanotechnology in reproductive medicine: Opportunities for clinical translation

Abstract

In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized global healthcare and has been predicted to exert a remarkable effect on clinical medicine. In this context, the clinical use of nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis, fertility preservation, and the management of infertility and other pathologies linked to pubertal development, menopause, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has substantial promise to fill the existing lacunae in reproductive healthcare. Of late, a number of clinical trials involving the use of nanoparticles for the early detection of reproductive tract infections and cancers, targeted drug delivery, and cellular therapeutics have been conducted. However, most of these trials of nanoengineering are still at a nascent stage, and better synergy between pharmaceutics, chemistry, and cutting-edge molecular sciences is needed for effective translation of these interventions from bench to bedside. To bridge the gap between translational outcome and product development, strategic partnerships with the insight and ability to anticipate challenges, as well as an in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways involved, are highly essential. Such amalgamations would overcome the regulatory gauntlet and technical hurdles, thereby facilitating the effective clinical translation of these nano-based tools and technologies. The present review comprehensively focuses on emerging applications of nanotechnology, which holds enormous promise for improved therapeutics and early diagnosis of various human reproductive tract diseases and conditions.

Design of a New Coating Agent Based on Graphene Oxide and Antimicrobial/Spermicidal Peptide (Sarcotoxin Pd) for Condom Coating: New Strategy for Prevention of Unplanned Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections

“…This point causes the heat to be better directed, and couples experience more sexual pleasure in addition to ensuring pregnancy prevention. The high flexibility of the graphene layer also makes it easier to use in condoms [36]. Designed GO-Pd includes the mentioned positive points: the presence of a strong, flexible, and thin graphene layer that is functionalized with a spermicidal and antimicrobial compound.…”

Sex‐Based Differences in the Biodistribution of Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Hormonal, Immune, and Metabolic Function

“…[79] There are currently several nanotechnology applications that deal specifically with reproductive health and are designed by targeting either male or female reproductive tract. [80] Table 4. Main considerations of sex differences in nanotechnology.…”

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Evidence of Adverse Effects on the Male Reproductive System

“…Considering that 50% of infertile couples, the male partner is affected by aberrations in sperm properties, number, vitality, and morphology [ 154 ], there is a clear need to develop novel methodologies for the early identification of infertility causes and its treatment. Some research teams have already developed MONP-based approaches that were tested in vitro and in vivo, with promising results.…”