“…10,39 Cell adhesion following tumor cell metastasis is the most important step in ectopic engraftment. 40 Cholesterol-rich LR possesses abundant cancer-associated axes and cell adhesion molecules, which in turn promote the metastasis of cancer cells. For instance, CD44, a cell adhesion protein located in LR, is overexpressed in tumor cells and modulates tumor infiltration and metastasis.…”
Section: Cholesterol-mediated Regulation Of Tumor Invasion and Metast...mentioning
During the past decade, “membrane lipid therapy”, which involves the regulation of the structure and function of tumor cell plasma membranes, has emerged as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Cholesterol is an important component of the tumor plasma membrane and serves an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. This review elucidates the role of cholesterol in tumorigenesis (including tumor cell proliferation, invasion/metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironment) and elaborates on the potential therapeutic targets for tumor treatment by regulating cholesterol. More meaningfully, this review provides an overview of cholesterol-integrated membrane lipid nanotherapeutics for cancer therapy through cholesterol regulation. These strategies include cholesterol biosynthesis interference, cholesterol uptake disruption, cholesterol metabolism regulation, cholesterol depletion, and cholesterol-based combination treatments. In summary, this review demonstrates the tumor nanotherapeutics based on cholesterol regulation, which will provide a reference for the further development of “membrane lipid therapy” for tumors.
“…10,39 Cell adhesion following tumor cell metastasis is the most important step in ectopic engraftment. 40 Cholesterol-rich LR possesses abundant cancer-associated axes and cell adhesion molecules, which in turn promote the metastasis of cancer cells. For instance, CD44, a cell adhesion protein located in LR, is overexpressed in tumor cells and modulates tumor infiltration and metastasis.…”
Section: Cholesterol-mediated Regulation Of Tumor Invasion and Metast...mentioning
During the past decade, “membrane lipid therapy”, which involves the regulation of the structure and function of tumor cell plasma membranes, has emerged as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Cholesterol is an important component of the tumor plasma membrane and serves an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. This review elucidates the role of cholesterol in tumorigenesis (including tumor cell proliferation, invasion/metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironment) and elaborates on the potential therapeutic targets for tumor treatment by regulating cholesterol. More meaningfully, this review provides an overview of cholesterol-integrated membrane lipid nanotherapeutics for cancer therapy through cholesterol regulation. These strategies include cholesterol biosynthesis interference, cholesterol uptake disruption, cholesterol metabolism regulation, cholesterol depletion, and cholesterol-based combination treatments. In summary, this review demonstrates the tumor nanotherapeutics based on cholesterol regulation, which will provide a reference for the further development of “membrane lipid therapy” for tumors.
“…Nanomaterials modulate the cytoskeletal dynamics of cancer cells, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes that can attach to cell membranes alter stiffness and mobility, impacting the biomechanical characteristics of tumors. 70 ( Figure 3 ). Figure 3 Passive targeting of nanoparticles for anti-tumor effects.…”
Section: Nps In Cancer Bone Metastasis Therapymentioning
Although the frequency of bone metastases from breast cancer has increased, effective treatment is lacking, prompting the development of nanomedicine, which involves the use of nanotechnology for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanocarrier drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery methods, such as higher reliability and biological activity, improved penetration and retention, and precise targeting and delivery. Various nanoparticles that can selectively target tumor cells without causing harm to healthy cells or organs have been synthesized. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the diagnosis and prevention of metastatic diseases as well as the ability to deliver complex molecular “cargo” particles to metastatic regions. Nanoparticles can modulate systemic biodistribution and enable the targeted accumulation of therapeutic agents. Several delivery strategies are used to treat bone metastases, including untargeted delivery, bone-targeted delivery, and cancer cell-targeted delivery. Combining targeted agents with nanoparticles enhances the selective delivery of payloads to breast cancer bone metastatic lesions, providing multiple delivery advantages for treatment. In this review, we describe recent advances in nanoparticle development for treating breast cancer bone metastases.
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