Nanotwinned silver nanowires: Structure and mechanical properties

Kobler, Aaron; Beuth, Thorsten; Klöffel, Tobias; Prang, Robby; Moosmann, Markus; Scherer, Torsten; Walheim, Stefan; Hahn, Horst; Kübel, Christian; Meyer, Bernd; Schimmel, Thomas; Bitzek, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.02.041

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This is supported in the literature by tensile tests of AgNWs with TBs along the ⟨112⟩ wire axis that suggested that the size effect of strength is dominated by the size of the largest twin segment. 68 Regarding the elastic properties of the NW, a Young’s modulus of ∼70 GPa can be estimated from the in situ TEM experiment using the initial slope of the stress–strain curve. This is slightly smaller than the bulk modulus of Ag in the [101] direction (83.8 GPa) 60 , but comparable with values extracted from other in situ studies of AgNWs.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

et al. 2020

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks show excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which make them ideal candidates for transparent electrodes in flexible and stretchable devices. Various coating strategies and testing setups have been developed to further improve their stretchability and to evaluate their performance. Still, a comprehensive microscopic understanding of the relationship between mechanical and electrical failure is missing. In this work, the fundamental deformation modes of five-fold twinned AgNWs in anisotropic networks are studied by large-scale SEM straining tests that are directly correlated with corresponding changes in the resistance. A pronounced effect of the network anisotropy on the electrical performance is observed, which manifests itself in a one order of magnitude lower increase in resistance for networks strained perpendicular to the preferred wire orientation. Using a scale-bridging microscopy approach spanning from NW networks to single NWs to atomic-scale defects, we were able to identify three fundamental deformation modes of NWs, which together can explain this behavior: (i) correlated tensile fracture of NWs, (ii) kink formation due to compression of NWs in transverse direction, and (iii) NW bending caused by the interaction of NWs in the strained network. A key observation is the extreme deformability of AgNWs in compression. Considering HRTEM and MD simulations, this behavior can be attributed to specific defect processes in the five-fold twinned NW structure leading to the formation of NW kinks with grain boundaries combined with V-shaped surface reconstructions, both counteracting NW fracture. The detailed insights from this microscopic study can further improve fabrication and design strategies for transparent NW network electrodes.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is slightly smaller than the bulk modulus of Ag in the [101] direction (83.8 GPa) 60 , but comparable with values extracted from other in situ studies of AgNWs. 68 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

et al. 2020

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“…40 Particular attention is focused on metal nanowires due to the interesting electronic, 41 magnetic, 42 and mechanical properties that they possess. 43 They have consequently been utilised in a wide variety of applications; such as in sensors, 44,45 nanoscale photonics, 34 and electronics. 46,47 The requirement for relatively expensive HOPG as a template material in the production of such metal nano-structures results in real world cost limitations to their wholescale manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the origins of electron transfer at screen-printed graphene-like and graphite electrodes: MoO₂nanowire fabrication on edge plane sites reveals electrochemical insights

2016

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Molybdenum (di)oxide (MoO2) nanowires are fabricated onto graphene-like and graphite screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for the first time, revealing crucial insights into the electrochemical properties of carbon/graphitic based materials. Distinctive patterns observed in the electrochemical process of nanowire decoration show that electron transfer occurs predominantly on edge plane sites when utilising SPEs fabricated/comprised of graphitic materials. Nanowire fabrication along the edge plane sites (and on edge plane like-sites/defects) of graphene/graphite is confirmed with Cyclic Voltammetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Comparison of the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate constants (k°) at unmodified and nanowire coated SPEs show a reduction in the electrochemical reactivity of SPEs when the edge plane sites are effectively blocked/coated with MoO2. Throughout the process, the basal plane sites of the graphene/graphite electrodes remain relatively uncovered; except when the available edge plane sites have been utilised, in which case MoO2 deposition grows from the edge sites covering the entire surface of the electrode. This work clearly illustrates the distinct electron transfer properties of edge and basal plane sites on graphitic materials, indicating favourable electrochemical reactivity at the edge planes in contrast to limited reactivity at the basal plane sites. In addition to providing fundamental insights into the electron transfer properties of graphite and graphene-like SPEs, the reported simple, scalable, and cost effective formation of unique and intriguing MoO2 nanowires realised herein is of significant interest for use in both academic and commercial applications.

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“…In situ tensile testing was performed with the PI95 TEM Picoindenter ® (Hysitron, Inc., USA) and PTP devices inside of the Titan 3 Themis 300. Comparable experimental setups have been recently used for in situ tensile testing of individual Ag nanowires (Kobler et al, 2015) and in situ tensile experiments of Au and alloyed Cu thin (Liebig et al, 2016). In the present study, the PI95 holder was operated under displacement control, while experiments are carried out with and without e-beam irradiation.…”

Section: In Situ Tensile Testing In the Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for Preparation and In Situ Tensile Testing of Silica Glass Membranes in the Transmission Electron Microscope

et al. 2017

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The mechanical behavior of glasses in the micro-and nanometer regime increasingly gains importance in nowadays modern technology. However, suitable small-scale preparation and mechanical testing approaches for a reliable assessment of the mechanical properties of glasses still remain a big challenge. In the present work, a novel approach for site-specific preparation and quantitative in situ tensile testing of thin silica glass membranes in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is presented. Thereby, advanced focused ion beam techniques are used for the preparation of nanoscale dog bone-shaped silica glass specimens suitable for in situ tensile testing. Small amounts of gallium are detected on the surface of the membranes resulting from redeposition effects during the focused ion beam preparation procedure. Possible structural changes of silica glass upon irradiation with electrons and gallium ions are investigated by controlled irradiation experiments, followed by a structural analysis using Raman spectroscopy. While moderate electron beam irradiation does not alter the structure of silica glass, ion beam irradiation results in minor densification of the silica glass membranes. In situ tensile testing of membranes under electron beam irradiation results in distinctive elongations without fracture confirming the phenomenon of superplasticity. In contrast, in situ tensile testing in the absence of the electron beam reveals an elastic/plastic deformation behavior and finally leads to fracture of the membranes. The Young's moduli of the glass membranes pulled at beam-off conditions in the TEM are comparable with values known for bulk fused silica, while the tensile strength is in the range of values reported for silica glass fibers with comparable dimensions. The impact of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical properties of silica glass membranes is further discussed. The results of the present work open new avenues for dedicated preparation and nanomechanical characterization of silica glass and further contribute to a fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of such glasses when being scaled down to the nanometer regime.

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Nanotwinned silver nanowires: Structure and mechanical properties

Cited by 39 publications

References 81 publications

Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Defining the origins of electron transfer at screen-printed graphene-like and graphite electrodes: MoO₂nanowire fabrication on edge plane sites reveals electrochemical insights

A Novel Approach for Preparation and In Situ Tensile Testing of Silica Glass Membranes in the Transmission Electron Microscope

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Nanotwinned silver nanowires: Structure and mechanical properties

Cited by 39 publications

References 81 publications

Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Defining the origins of electron transfer at screen-printed graphene-like and graphite electrodes: MoO2nanowire fabrication on edge plane sites reveals electrochemical insights

A Novel Approach for Preparation and In Situ Tensile Testing of Silica Glass Membranes in the Transmission Electron Microscope

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Product

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Defining the origins of electron transfer at screen-printed graphene-like and graphite electrodes: MoO₂nanowire fabrication on edge plane sites reveals electrochemical insights