Nanovaccines: Merits, and diverse roles in boosting antitumor immune responses

Abstract

An attractive type of cancer immunotherapy is cancer therapeutic vaccines that induce antitumor immunity effectively. Although supportive results in the recent vaccine studies, there are still numerous drawbacks, such as poor stability, weak immunogenicity and strong toxicity, to be tackled for promoting the potency and durability of antitumor efficacy. NPs (Nanoparticles)-based vaccines offer unique opportunities to breakthrough the current bottleneck. As a rule, nanovaccines are new the generations of vaccines that use NPs as carriers and/or adjuvants. Several advantages of nanovaccines are constantly explored, including optimal nanometer size, high stability, plenty of antigen loading, enhanced immunogenicity, tunable antigen presentation, more retention in lymph nodes and promote patient compliance by a lower frequency of dosing. Here, we summarized the merits and highlight the diverse role nanovaccines play in improving antitumor responses.

Nanoscale materials at work: Mapping emerging applications in energy, medicine, and beyond

“…Moreover, nanovaccines can be highly valuable in generating effective immutherapeutic formulations against cancer. 59,60 Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activities. 61,62 These synthetic nanostructures mimic the functions of natural enzymes but offer several advantages, such as better stability, tunable catalytic properties, cost-effectiveness, and easier large-scale production.…”