Nanovaccines to Combat Aeromonas hydrophila Infections in Warm-Water Aquaculture: Opportunities and Challenges

Harshitha, Mave; Nayak, Ashwath; Disha, Somanath; Akshath, Uchangi; Dubey, Saurabh; Munang’andu, Hetron; Chakraborty, Anirban; Karunasagar, Indrani; Maiti, Biswajit

doi:10.3390/vaccines11101555

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Harnessing this genomic information, we can construct phylogenetic (phylogenomic) trees to elucidate transmission chains and pinpoint infection hotspots, thereby facilitating a comprehensive understanding of outbreak dynamics-ranging from its origin and propagation to individual or population susceptibilities [94]. Insight into the genetic makeup of pathogens, including the characterization of novel variants, is also a critical component for informing the development of vaccines and treatments [95,96]. In our genetic enhancement programs for improved resistance or resilience, genomic surveillance is considered as an integral component enabling us to detect, respond to, and manage disease outbreaks in white leg shrimp, striped catfish, and yellowtail kingfish populations.…”

Section: Genomic Surveillance In Genetic Enhancement Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Key Aquaculture Species

Nguyen

2024

Biology

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Diseases pose a significant and pressing concern for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, particularly as their impact continues to grow due to climatic shifts such as rising water temperatures. While various approaches, ranging from biosecurity measures to vaccines, have been devised to combat infectious diseases, their efficacy is disease and species specific and contingent upon a multitude of factors. The fields of genetics and genomics offer effective tools to control and prevent disease outbreaks in aquatic animal species. In this study, we present the key findings from our recent research, focusing on the genetic resistance to three specific diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in white shrimp, Bacterial Necrotic Pancreatitis (BNP) in striped catfish, and skin fluke (a parasitic ailment) in yellowtail kingfish. Our investigations reveal that all three species possess substantial heritable genetic components for disease-resistant traits, indicating their potential responsiveness to artificial selection in genetic improvement programs tailored to combat these diseases. Also, we observed a high genetic association between disease traits and survival rates. Through selective breeding aimed at enhancing resistance to these pathogens, we achieved substantial genetic gains, averaging 10% per generation. These selection programs also contributed positively to the overall production performance and productivity of these species. Although the effects of selection on immunological traits or immune responses were not significant in white shrimp, they yielded favorable results in striped catfish. Furthermore, our genomic analyses, including shallow genome sequencing of pedigreed populations, enriched our understanding of the genomic architecture underlying disease resistance traits. These traits are primarily governed by a polygenic nature, with numerous genes or genetic variants, each with small effects. Leveraging a range of advanced statistical methods, from mixed models to machine and deep learning, we developed prediction models that demonstrated moderate-to-high levels of accuracy in forecasting these disease-related traits. In addition to genomics, our RNA-seq experiments identified several genes that undergo upregulation in response to infection or viral loads within the populations. Preliminary microbiome data, while offering limited predictive accuracy for disease traits in one of our studied species, underscore the potential for combining such data with genome sequence information to enhance predictive power for disease traits in our populations. Lastly, this paper briefly discusses the roles of precision agriculture systems and AI algorithms and outlines the path for future research to expedite the development of disease-resistant genetic lines tailored to our target species. In conclusion, our study underscores the critical role of genetics and genomics in fortifying the aquaculture sector against the threats posed by diseases, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient aquaculture development.

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Section: Genomic Surveillance In Genetic Enhancement Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Key Aquaculture Species

Nguyen

2024

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Harnessing this genomic information, we can construct phylogenetic (phylogenomic) trees to elucidate transmission chains and pinpoint infection hotspots, thereby facilitating a comprehensive understanding of outbreak dynamics-ranging from its origin, propagation, to individual or population susceptibilities [93]. Insight into the genetic makeup of pathogens, including the characterization of novel variants, is also a critical component for informing the development of vaccines and treatments [94,95]. In our genetic enhancement programs for improved resistance or resilience, genomic surveillance is considered as an integral component to enable to detect, respond to, and manage disease outbreaks in white shrimp, striped catfish and yellowtail kingfish populations.…”

Section: Genomic Surveillance In Genetic Enhancement Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Key Aquaculture Species

Nguyen

2023

Preprint

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Diseases pose a significant and pressing concern for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, particularly as their impact continues to grow due to climatic shifts such as rising water temperatures. While various approaches, ranging from biosecurity measures to vaccines, have been devised to combat infectious diseases, their efficacy is disease- and species-specific and contingent upon a multitude of factors. The field of genetics and genomics offer effective tools to control and prevent disease outbreaks in aquatic animal species. In this study, we present the key findings from our recent research, focusing on the genetic resistance to three specific diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus WSSV) in white shrimp, Bacterial Necrotic Pancreatitis (BNP) in striped catfish and skin fluke (a parasitic ailment) in yellowtail kingfish. Our investigations reveal that all three species possess substantial heritable genetic components for disease resistant traits, indicating their potential responsiveness to artificial selection in genetic improvement programs tailored to combat these diseases. Also, we observed a high genetic association between disease traits and survival rates. Through selective breeding aimed at enhancing resistance to these pathogens, we achieved substantial genetic gains, averaging 10% per generation. These selection programs also contributed positively to the overall production performance and productivity of these species. Although the effects of selection on immunological traits or immune responses were not significant in white shrimp, they yielded favourable results in striped catfish. Furthermore, our genomic analyses, including shallow genome sequencing of pedigreed populations, enriched our understanding of the genomic architecture underlying disease resistance traits. These traits are primarily governed by a polygenic nature, with numerous genes or genetic variants, each with small effects. Leveraging a range of advanced statistical methods, from mixed models to machine and deep learning, we developed prediction models that demonstrated moderate to high levels of accuracy in forecasting these disease-related traits. In addition to genomics, our RNA-seq experiments identified several genes that undergo upregulation in response to infection or viral loads within the populations. Preliminary microbiome data, while offering limited predictive accuracy for disease traits in one of our studied species, underscore the potential for combining such data with genome sequence information to enhance predictive power for disease traits in our populations. Lastly, this paper briefly discusses the roles of precision agriculture systems, AI algorithms, and outlines the path for future research to expedite the development of disease-resistant genetic lines tailored to our target species. In conclusion, our study underscores the critical role of genetics and genomics in fortifying the aquaculture sector against the threats posed by diseases, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient aquaculture development.

show abstract