Nanovesicle formation and microstructure in aqueous ditallowethylesterdimethylammonium chloride (DEEDMAC) solutions

Basavaraj, Madivala G.; McFarlane, Naa Larteokor; Lynch, Matthew L.; Wagner, Norman J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.064

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although softeners were used for decades [3], there is still a lack of consensus pertaining to the active deposition on cotton fibers as well as on the softening mechanism. It has been shown that the surfactants used in conditioners are self-assembled into micron size vesicles [4][5][6]. In general it is assumed that the softening effect is due to the formation of a lubricating surfactant layer on the fibers [7][8][9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Oikonomou

Christov²,

Cristobal³

et al. 2018

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The esterquat surfactants are shown to assemble into micron-sized vesicles in the dilute and concentrated regimes. In the former, guar addition in small amounts does not impair the vesicular structure and stability. In the concentrated regime, cationic guars induce a local crowding associated to depletion interactions and leads to the formation of a local lamellar order. In rheology, adjusting the polymer concentration at 1/10th that of the surfactant is sufficient to offset the decrease of the elastic property associated with the surfactant reduction. In conclusion, we have shown that through an appropriate choice of natural additives it is possible to lower the concentration of surfactants in fabric conditioners by about half, a result that could represent a significant breakthrough in current home care formulations.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Oikonomou

Christov²,

Cristobal³

et al. 2018

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…The basic ingredients of fabric softeners include cationic surfactants from the group of quaternary ammonium salts. Their molecules contain two long alkyl chains, which can form aggregates with the liposome structure in aqueous solutions (Basavaraj et al, ; Berret et al, ; Calero et al, ; Groth et al, ; Léon et al, ; Mohammadi, ; Portal et al, ). All aggregates of this type contain a considerable amount of water in their structure, which causes their relatively large size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the observed particles with diameters in the range of ca. 90–300 nm suggest the formation of larger aggregates in the solution, most likely in the form of liposomes (Basavaraj et al, ; Berret et al, ; Groth et al, ; Léon et al, ; Ogorzalek, ; Portal et al, ; Wahle and Falkowski, ). The aqueous solution of the formulation containing the hydrophobic raspberry seed extract demonstrated a decline in intensity for particles with sizes varying from approximately 2 to 11 nm, and the appearance of particles covering a wider range of 70–600 nm, compared with the results recorded for the aqueous solution of the extract‐free formulation (FS_T + E).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Ogorzałek

Wasilewski

Klimaszewska

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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This article investigates the effect of hydrophobic supercritical CO2 raspberry seed extracts on the physicochemical and functional properties of a modern, transparent fabric softener. The addition of a hydrophobic extract to a transparent softener formulation increased the turbidity and dynamic viscosity of the product compared to the reference formulation (with no added extract). In addition, fabric rinsed in a bath containing the transparent fabric softener enriched with the hydrophobic extract was characterized by a higher degree of softness and slightly lower values of fabric rewettability (two parameters determining the usable properties of this type products) in relation to the values determined for a fabric exposed to the rinsing process in an aqueous solution of the transparent fabric softener without added extract. The results obtained in the assessment of physicochemical properties point to the modification of the structure of fabric softener resulting from the growth of surfactant aggregates due to solubilization of the hydrophobic extract. As a consequence, the deposit—an adsorption layer of surfactants (responsible for key characteristics relevant to the performance of this type of products) remaining on the fabric after the rinsing process—is modified.

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“…A combination of both technologies has also been implemented recently [ 9 ]. The amphiphilic molecules used in these conditioners are double-chain surfactants that self-assemble in vesicles [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The vesicles have a dual role: they provide long-term stability and transport active ingredients such as oils [ 14 ] and fragrance capsules [ 15 , 16 ] onto the fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Eco-Friendly Formulations of Guar Biopolymer-Based Textile Conditioners

Oikonomou

Berret

2021

Materials

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Fabric conditioners are household products used to impart softness and fragrance to textiles. They are colloidal dispersions of cationic double chain surfactants that self-assemble in vesicles. These surfactants are primarily derived from palm oil chemical modification. Reducing the content of these surfactants allows to obtain products with lower environmental impact. Such a reduction, without adverse effects on the characteristics of the softener and its performance, can be achieved by adding hydrophilic biopolymers. Here, we review the role of guar biopolymers modified with cationic or hydroxyl-propyl groups, on the physicochemical properties of the formulation. Electronic and optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray scattering and rheology of vesicles dispersion in the absence and presence of guar biopolymers are analyzed. Finally, the deposition of the new formulation on cotton fabrics is examined through scanning electron microscopy and a new protocol based on fluorescent microscopy. With this methodology, it is possible to quantify the deposition of surfactants on cotton fibers. The results show that the approach followed here can facilitate the design of sustainable home-care products.

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Nanovesicle formation and microstructure in aqueous ditallowethylesterdimethylammonium chloride (DEEDMAC) solutions

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Advanced Eco-Friendly Formulations of Guar Biopolymer-Based Textile Conditioners

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