Nanozyme Decorated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers by integrating photosensitizers, which cause cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by converting tumor oxygen into reactive singlet oxygen (O). However, the PDT efficiency of MOFs is severely limited by tumor hypoxia. Herein, by decorating platinum nanozymes on photosensitizer integrated MOFs, we report a simple yet versatile strategy for enhanced PDT. The platinum nanoparticles homogeneously immobilized on MOFs possess high stability and catalase-like activity. Thus, our nanoplatform can facilitate the formation of O in hypoxic tumor site via HO-activated evolvement of O, which can cause more serious damage to cancer cells. Our finding highlights that the composites of nanozymes and MOFs have the potential to serve as efficient agents for cancer therapy, which will open an avenue of nanozymes and MOFs toward biological applications.

Monodispersed Copper(I)‐Based Nano Metal–Organic Framework as a Biodegradable Drug Carrier with Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy

“…Intriguingly, the activity of HeLa and 4T1 cancer cells decreased when the concentration of CuTz-1-O 2 @F127 exceeded 100 × 10 −6 m. This is because CuTz-1-O 2 @F127 can adsorb intracellular GSH, and the decrease of GSH affects the normal growth of cancer cells, leading to the difference in the viability of cancer cells and normal cells. This result suggests that intracellular hypoxia facilitates proliferation of cancer cells, [12,18] reinforcing the importance of overcoming hypoxia during tumor treatment. The viability of 4T1 cells was examined by MTT assay after CuTz-1@F127 + light and CuTz-1-O 2 @F127 + light treatment and further incubated for 24 h. As displayed in Figure 3b, hypoxia-treated groups exhibited higher cell survival than those of normoxia under irradiation.…”

“…[5] Unfortunately, type II PDT system is highly dependent on O 2 concentration and involves a sharp consumption of O 2 , which aggravates intracellular hypoxia and in reverse restrains the treatment effects of PDT. The reported catalysts include catalase, [9] MnO 2 , [10] platinum(IV) diazido complexes, [11] Pt nanozyme, [12] MnFe 2 O 4 , [6] carbon nitride, [13] and so on. A straightforward method is to transport O 2 into tumor cells by utilizing O 2 storage materials such as perfluorocarbon [7] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).…”

Nanoparticle‐based photothermal and photodynamic immunotherapy for tumor treatment

“…73 It is as a promising candidate for the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal, breast, lung and skin cancers. 78 Three key factors, namely, PS, excitation light and oxygen, are involved in this process and constrain the efficacy of PDT. 78 Three key factors, namely, PS, excitation light and oxygen, are involved in this process and constrain the efficacy of PDT.…”

A Bacteriochlorin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Superoxide Radical Generator for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy

“…[1][2][3] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) excited by an appropriate light irradiation to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); in most of cases, it involves a process that the ground triplet-state molecular oxygen ( 3 O 2 ) is transformed to the reactive singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) via the type II mechanism extremely dependent on the concentration of oxygen (O 2 ). [8,9] To address this issue, various innovative strategies have been developed, such as O 2 -replenishing nanosystem to deliver O 2 (e.g., hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon) [10][11][12][13][14] or oxygen self-supplement nanomaterials to generate O 2 (e.g., MnO 2 , Pt, CaO 2 , and catalase) [15][16][17][18][19] in the tumor microenvironment to elevate the tumor O 2 concentration and enhance the PDT efficacy. [8,9] To address this issue, various innovative strategies have been developed, such as O 2 -replenishing nanosystem to deliver O 2 (e.g., hemoglobin and perfluorocarbon) [10][11][12][13][14] or oxygen self-supplement nanomaterials to generate O 2 (e.g., MnO 2 , Pt, CaO 2 , and catalase) [15][16][17][18][19] in the tumor microenvironment to elevate the tumor O 2 concentration and enhance the PDT efficacy.…”

“…[24][25][26] The accumulated H 2 O 2 further transforms into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (OH•) to significantly aggravate the oxidative damage and enhance PDT anticancer efficiency. [16,29,30] Thus, O 2 −• generator would be a promising alternative against hypoxic solid tumor treatment. [16,29,30] Thus, O 2 −• generator would be a promising alternative against hypoxic solid tumor treatment.…”