Nanozyme‐Enabled Treatment of Cardio‐ and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases are two major vascular‐related diseases that lead to death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the occurrence and exacerbation of diseases. Excessive ROS induce cellular context damage and lead to tissue dysfunction. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics, offer a unique perspective for therapy through multifunctional activities, achieving essential results in the treatment of ROS‐related cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases by directly scavenging excess ROS or regulating pathologically related molecules. This review first introduces nanozyme‐enabled therapeutic mechanisms at the cellular level. Then, the therapies for several typical cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases with nanozymes are discussed, mainly including cardiovascular diseases, ischemia reperfusion injury, and neurological disorders. Finally, the challenges and outlooks for the application of nanozymes are also presented. This review will provide some instructive perspectives on nanozymes and promote the development of enzyme‐mimicking strategies in cardio‐ and cerebrovascular disease therapy.

Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Using Gadolinium-Doped Ceria for the Alleviation of Atherosclerosis

“…Recently, nanomedicine has been rapidly developed and extensively studied in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to its good biocompatibility as well as therapeutic effects. − Since ROS play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, nanoceria with biomimetic characteristics of various enzymes (catalase, superoxide oxidase, etc.) can effectively scavenge intracellular and intraorganic ROS and have great potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis. − Therefore, increasing the antioxidant activity of the nanoceria becomes the key to achieving the highly efficient atherosclerosis treatment. Generally, in addition to the surface area and crystal face, the catalytic performance of nanoceria against ROS is mainly determined by the level of structural defects due to oxygen vacancies, as indexed using the surface Ce 3+ fraction.…”

Breakthroughs in nanozyme-inspired application diversity

“…Neural apoptosis also results in ischemia reperfusion injury to the brain. 161 A multi-enzyme cascade antioxidant system was just recently created to reduce intracellular ROS and prevent neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI) by Liu and colleagues. They were able to successfully create the Fe 2 NC@Se nanozyme, which had good cytoprotective properties and three different types of antioxidant activities.…”

Recent Advances in ROS-Scavenging Metallic Nanozymes for Anti-Inflammatory Diseases: A Review

“… 59 60 61 Thus, MNPs have both drug-carrying and self-therapeutic efficacy for treating various inflammatory diseases ( Table 1 ). 45 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 In this review, we discuss the roles of recently reported MNPs in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in anti-inflammatory activities.…”