Nanozymes as Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract

Nanozyme is a type of nanomaterial with intrinsic enzyme-like activity. Following the discovery of nanozymes in 2007, nanozyme technology has become an emerging field bridging nanotechnology and biology, attracting research from multi-disciplinary areas focused on the design and synthesis of catalytically active nanozymes. However, various types of enzymes can be mimicked by nanomaterials, and our current understanding of nanozymes as enzyme inhibitors is limited. Here, we provide a brief overview of the utility of nanozymes as inhibitors of enzymes, such as R-chymotrypsin (ChT), β-galactosidase (β-Gal), β-lactamase, and mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase, and the mechanisms underlying inhibitory activity. The advantages, challenges and future research directions of nanozymes as enzyme inhibitors for biomedical research are further discussed.

Nucleic acid-functionalized nanozymes and their applications

“…The nanozymes also demonstrated multimode activities, such as peroxidase/oxidase 42 or cascaded catalytic functions. 43 Different applications of the catalytically active nanozymes were reported, including their use for sensing 44 and electrochemical sensing, 45,46 programmed single-particle catalytic aggregation, 47 separation materials 48 and biomedical applications, such as drug carriers, 49 functional protein inhibitors, 50 cell imaging agents, 51,52 and therapy for diseases (e.g., cancer, [53][54][55] Parkinson's disease, 56,57 or Alzheimer's disease 58,59 ). Nanozymes have also been applied as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation catalysts.…”

Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

“…In addition to biocatalytic functions, nanozymes can be used to selectively bind various enzymes and inhibit their activity [130]. This is related to their abovementioned features: a developed surface that is easy to modify and functionalize, and their architecture, which can be highly ordered and often has features important from the point of view of biocatalysis, such as chirality [131].…”

Construction of a novel cuboid-shape Mn-Urea nanozyme with arsenic(v)-enhanced oxidase-like activity as a colorimetric probe for the selective detection of inorganic arsenic

“…5,14 Nanozyme, a type of nanomaterials with intrinsic enzymelike activity, have received considerable attention as supplements of natural enzymes due to their high stability, variable synthesis strategies, and tunable performance. [15][16][17] To develop new methods for inorganic As detection with improved analytical performance, novel nanozyme-based chemical sensors and biosensors have been frequently studied. 4 For example, based on enzyme cascade reaction combining cerium(IV) coordination polymer nanoparticles (Ce(IV)-ATP-Tris CPNs) with oxidase-like activity and acid phosphatase (ACP), Wang et al proposed a colorimetric method for As(V) detection.…”