Nap Opportunity During the Daytime Affects Performance and Perceived Exertion in 5-m Shuttle Run Test

Abstract

Purpose To compare the effect of different durations of nap opportunity during the daytime on repeated high-intensity short-duration performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods Seventeen physically active men (age: 21.3 ± 3.4 years, height: 176.7 ± 5.9 cm, body mass: 71.8 ± 10.2 kg) performed a 5 m shuttle run test [to determine best distance (BD), total distance (TD), and fatigue index (FI)] under four conditions: a 25 min nap opportunity (N25), a 35 min nap opportunity (N35), a 45 min nap opportunity (N45), and control condition (no-nap) (N0). The sleep quality of each nap opportunity was evaluated using a scale ranging from 0 “no sleep” to 10 “uninterrupted, deep sleep throughout.” The four conditions were performed in a random order. RPE was recorded after each repetition of the 5 m shuttle run test and the mean score was calculated. Results BD increased after N25 (+6%) and N45 (+9%) compared to N0 ( p < 0.05) and was significantly higher after N45 compared to N35 ( p < 0.05). Compared to N0, the three nap opportunity durations enhanced TD ( p < 0.05) with greater enhancement after N45 compared to N25 (+8% vs. +3%) and N35 (+8% vs. +3%). For FI, no-significant differences were observed between the three nap opportunity durations and N0. The mean RPE score was significantly higher after N25 (+20%) and N0 (+19%) compared to N45 ( p < 0.05). All participants were able to fall asleep during each nap condition with a sleep quality score of 6.9 ± 1.0, 7.0 ± 0.7, and 7.1 ± 0.8 for N25, N35, and N45. Conclusion A nap opportunity during the daytime was beneficial for physical performance and perceived exertion with the N45 being the most effective for improving performance and reducing fatigue during the 5 m shuttle run test. The implication of the present study is that athletes might benefit from a nap opportunity of 25, 35 or 45 min before practice or before a competition.

A 90 min Daytime Nap Opportunity Is Better Than 40 min for Cognitive and Physical Performance

“…Values for α were set at 0.05 and power at 0.80. Based on the study of Boukhris et al [13] and discussions between the authors, effect size was estimated to be 0.65. The required sample size was six for physical performance.…”

“…Napping is a recovery period defined as a propensity to sleep in response to the post lunch dip process, which was associated with reductions in core temperature and vigilance and an increase in the tendency to sleep [6]. More importantly, sleepiness [7,8], mood states [9], psychomotor [10], cognitive [7,9,11], and physical performances [11][12][13][14][15][16] have been positively associated with napping. Following a normal night sleep, it has been shown that (i) a 25-min nap opportunity enhanced performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) [12], (ii) a 25-min, 35-min and 45-min nap opportunity decreased subjective fatigue, sleep, and stress [11] and increased physical performance during the 5mSRT [13], (iii) a 35-min and 45-min nap opportunity enhanced 5 jump performance [11], and (iv) a 45-min [11] and 90-min [10] nap opportunity improved attention estimated by the digit cancelation test (DCT).…”

“…Hammouda et al [15] and Romdhani et al [17] reported that a 90-min nap increased repeated-sprint performance more than a 20-min nap in partially sleep-deprived athletes. After a normal night's sleep, Boukhris et al [13] demonstrated that a 45-min nap opportunity was the best duration, i.e., compared to a 25-min and a 35-min nap, for enhancing performance and reducing fatigue during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT). Furthermore, Hsouna et al [11] showed napping between 35-min and 45-min was more effective than 25-min for improving physical performance and alertness.…”

“…Additionally, a comparison between these two nap opportunities durations (i.e., 40-min vs. 90-min) was examined in the current study. These two durations (i.e., 40-min vs. 90-min) of nap opportunities were chosen in the present study because, based on previous studies, the longest nap duration was 90-min in the studies of Hammouda et al [15] and Romdhani et al [17]; whereas the longest ones in the study of Boukhris et al [13] and Hsouna et al [11] were only 45-min. We hypothesized that both nap durations would prove beneficial and a greater improvement in attention, physical performance, PRS, and reduction in sleepiness, DOMS, and RPE would be observed after a 90-min nap (N90), compared to a 40-min nap (N40) and no-nap (N0) condition.…”

Effect of Angle of View and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Distance Perception

“…In fact, previous to any competition or game, the soccer player's sleeping period could be reduced or fragmented by anxiety or jet lag, which is considered as one of the main causes of sleep disruption (Davenne, 2009;Edwards and Waterhouse, 2009); due to that, many strategies [e.g. nap Boukhris et al, 2019a;Chtourou et al, 2019;Hsouna et al, 2019), caffeine ingestion (Souissi et al, , 2015] have been proposed to overcome the negative effect of poor sleep. Jet lag is the term applied to a group of symptoms that exist transiently after undergoing a rapid time-zone transition.…”