Naproxen as a Turn-On Chemiluminescent Probe for Real-Time Quantification of Sulfate Radicals

Abstract

Current techniques for identifying and quantifying sulfate radicals (SO4 · –) in SO4 · –-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are unsatisfactory due to their low selectivity, poor reliability, and limited feasibility for real-time quantification. In this study, naproxen (NAP) was employed as a turn-on luminescent probe for real-time quantification of SO4 · – in SR-AOPs. The chemiluminescence(CL) yield (ΦCL) of the reaction of NAP with SO4 · – was first determined to be 1.49 × 10–5 E mol–1 with the bisulfite activation by cerium(IV) [Ce(IV)/BS] process. Then, the maximum peak concentrations of SO4 · – in the Ce(IV)/BS-NAP process was quantified to be ∼10–11 M based on the derived equation. Since ΦCL of the reaction of NAP with SO4 · – was much greater than that with other reactive oxidizing species (ROS), the developed CL method worked well in selective quantification of SO4 · – in various SR-AOPs (e.g., the activation of peroxymonosulfate and persulfate by iron processes). Finally, the electron transfer from NAP to SO4 · – was proposed to be the critical step for CL production. This work provides a novel CL method for real-time quantification of SO4 · –, which facilitates the development of SR-AOPs and their application in water and wastewater treatment.

Were Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes Really Understood? Basic Concepts, Cognitive Biases, and Experimental Details

“…For example, SO 4 •– and HO • both oxidized ATZ to desethyl-atrazine (DEA) and desisopropyl-atrazine (DIA), but the DEA to DIA ratio and major reaction mechanism were ∼10 and ET for SO 4 •– (vs ∼3 and HAA for HO • ), respectively . New methods have been developed to differentiate SO 4 •– and HO • , including using naproxen as a turn-on chemiluminescent probe and combined multiple probes p ‐ H B A → S O 4 • − H Q H Q → P M S / P D S p ‐ B Q H O • + false( normalC normalH 3 false) 2 S O → C H 3 • + C H 3 S O 2 H C • H 3 + false( normalCH 3 <...…”

Degradation of Various Organic Coatings via UV‐Generated Sulfate Radicals

“…[18] Naproxen (NAP) is able to abstract an electron from SO 4 *À , leading to its own decarboxylation and oxidation. [19] This reaction forms 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene (AMN), which emits fluorescence under excitation at 318 nm (Figure 2a). We therefore used NAP as the fluorescence probe for SO 4 *À .…”

Spatial Confinement of Co Nanoparticles in N-Doped Carbon Nanorods for Wastewater Purification via CaSO3 Activation

“…With global demand for the stress on comprehensive, sustainable, and coordinated development and improved quality of life, − water pollution caused by organic chemicals is one of the serious issues to be urgently solved. − Chlortetracycline (CTC), as one of the most used and produced antibiotics, was released without satisfying sewage discharge standards and accumulated in the water ecological environment. − In some bodies of water, the concentration of CTC is as large as μg/L, resulting in the formation of drug-resistance bacteria and posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. − Consequently, it is significantly urgent to explore a high-efficiency and eco-friendly technology to degrade these organic pollution. − …”