Naproxen-Loaded Poly(2-hydroxyalkyl methacrylates): Preparation and Drug Release Dynamics

Abstract

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/Naproxen (NPX/pHEMA) and poly (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)/Naproxen (NPX/pHPMA) composites with different NPX content were prepared in situ by free radical photopolymerization route. The resulted hybrid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These composites have been studied as drug carrier systems, in which a comparison of the in vitro release dynamic of NPX between the two drug carrier systems has been conducted. Different factors affecting the performance of the release dynamic of this drug, such as the amount of Naproxen incorporated in the drug carrier system, the pH of the medium and the degree of swelling, have been investigated. The results of the swelling study of pHEMA and pHPMA in different media pHs revealed that the diffusion of water molecules through both polymer samples obeys the Fickian model. The “in vitro” study of the release dynamic of Naproxen from NPX/pHEMA and NPX/pHPMA drug carrier systems revealed that the higher percentage of NPX released was obtained from each polymer carrier in neutral pH medium, and the diffusion of NPX trough these polymer matrices also obeys the Fickian model. It was also found that the less the mass percent of NPX in the composites, the better its release will be. The comparison between the two drug carrier systems revealed that the pHEMA leads to the best performance in the release dynamic of NPX. Regarding Naproxen solubility in water, the results deducted from the “in vitro” study of NPX/pHEMA10 and NPX/pHPMA10 drug carrier systems revealed a very significant improvement in the solubility of NPX in media pH1 (2.33 times, 1.43 times) and 7 (3.32 times, 2.60 times), respectively, compared to those obtained by direct dissolution of Naproxen powder.

Multilayer Methacrylate-Based Wound Dressing as a Therapeutic Tool for Targeted Pain Relief

“…The most distinct and well-defined peaks in the range from 2300–1750 cm −1 (marked red areas) could be related to the base material (i.e., D1) and correspond to the stretching vibration of the methylene groups (-CH 2 ) at 2250 cm −1 and the stretching of the ester bonds of the methacrylic and ethyl acrylic groups between 2100 and 1750 cm −1 [ 48 , 103 ]. The position of the vibrational peaks of the carbonyl groups (C=O) at about 1750 cm −1 indicates the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the structure of D1 [ 104 ]. Regardless of the actual nature of the vibrations, the visible increase in the intensity of typical peaks with the subsequent layers suggests that an LbL structure was successfully generated using the spin coating technique.…”

L‐lysine Janus Dendrimer Conjugate with Naproxen and Mefenamic Acid and its Anticancer Activity

“…[30] In addition, naproxen and mefenamic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to have anti-proliferative activity against various cancers. [40][41][42][43][44] As we are interested in improving the biological activity of Janus dendrimers, in the present study, we set out to develop a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of Janus dendrimers, where one dendron conjugated with naproxen via a triethylene glycol linker and the other dendron based on L-lysine-aminobutanoic acid conjugate with mefenamic acid. The dendrimer was obtained by following two protection-deprotection steps.…”

“…Janus dendrimers with tris(hydroxymethyl)‐aminomethane (Tris) naproxen conjugates showed toxicity against cancer cells [30] . In addition, naproxen and mefenamic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to have anti‐proliferative activity against various cancers [40–44] …”

Topical Meloxicam Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydrogels Based on Low-Substituted Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solid Dispersions

“…Meloxicam (MX) is a powerful nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatic diseases [ 1 , 2 ]. Due to the recurrent gastrointestinal complications related to oral administration of MX, many alternative routes of administration become necessary.…”

“…Furthermore, the simulated medium at pH 5.5 proved to be suitable for showing significant differences in solid dispersions of poorly soluble drugs [ 16 ]. Finally, the different kinetic studies of topical hydrogels are adequate to relate the dissolution profiles with the degree of drug/polymer interaction observed for the different SDs [ 2 , 17 , 18 ].…”