Nara economic and social institutions

6. Railways

“…A "remarkable transformation" (Harding, 2020: 23) of the Yamato State, involving long and frequently bloody internal wars, took place in central Honshū in the 6th and 7th centuries that fashioned the archipelago's first recognisable state (Toshiya, 1993). Mixing fact with fiction, the "Great Sovereigns" morphed into the "Heavenly Sovereigns" (or Emperors as rendered in English), as elaborated upon by Harding (2020: 24-28) with particular reference to the legendary Prince Shōtoku .…”

4. Canals, Rivers and Lakes

“…A "remarkable transformation" (Harding, 2020: 23) of the Yamato State, involving long and frequently bloody internal wars, took place in central Honshū in the 6th and 7th centuries that fashioned the archipelago's first recognisable state (Toshiya, 1993). Mixing fact with fiction, the "Great Sovereigns" morphed into the "Heavenly Sovereigns" (or Emperors as rendered in English), as elaborated upon by Harding (2020: 24-28) with particular reference to the legendary Prince Shōtoku .…”