Narcissism and Exercise Addiction: The Mediating Roles of Exercise-Related Motives

Zeigler‐Hill, Virgil; Besser, Avi; Gabay, Maor; Young, Gracynn

doi:10.3390/ijerph18084243

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Furthermore, populations investigated are comparable to ours, while both studies were also conducted on fitness center users. Zeigler-Hill et al investigated the relationship between narcissism and exercise addiction through motives of fitness users and they found complex correlations with different aspects of narcissism and different motives, such as body image and narcissistic admiration [ 19 ]. This study was conducted on general population, and two scales were used for measurement of narcissism: Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire and Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, reasons for exercise can go beyond just a simple idea of a health. Recently, some studies have found a link between extensive exercise and the narcissistic personality through motives such as body image, rivalry and pathologically needed admiration [ 19 ]. One of the well-established components of narcissism is the tendency to addictive behaviors, which can among others present through exercise addiction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bandi et al confirmed a positive correlation between narcissism and ON, with vulnerable narcissism having a major impact on developing ON symptoms due to its association with the lower self-esteem and negative ideas about someone’s self [ 26 ]. Through regular exercise eating habits are often changed in order to improve results and general health, which sometimes can become a preoccupation that can lead into developing eating disorders [ 19 , 27 ]. All of the abovementioned suggests that regular fitness center users have a higher narcissism and that they could be vulnerable to developing ON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthorexia nervosa and its association with narcissism in fitness center users

et al. 2022

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Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an eating behavior where patients obsessively try to reach health through “purity” of food. Narcissism is a personality trait characterized with the self-belief of grandiosity, importance and need of appreciation. Both of these conditions are connected through self-image in way of reaching perfection through health and body image, whereas one of the ways for reaching it is exercising. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate ON and its possible association with narcissism in fitness center users. Methods The study included 1017 fitness center users and three questionnaires were used for the assessment: general information, ORTO-R and Narcissistic personality inventory-13 (NPI-13). Results There was a significant negative correlation ( r = − 0.467, p < 0.001) between the ORTO-R score and the NPI-13 score. Comparison of the ORTO-R score between different durations of using a fitness center showed statistically significant differences ( H = 134.72, p < 0.001). The subjects who are using the fitness center for less than 1 year have the highest ORTO-R score, while those who are using it 1–3 years have the lowest ORTO-R score. Moreover, multiple linear regression showed that ORTO-R score retained significant association with NPI-13 (β ± SE, − 0.416 ± 0.026, p < 0.001) and the duration of using a fitness center (0.576 ± 0.068, p < 0.001) after model adjustment for age and BMI. Conclusion These results are implying that fitness center users could possibly be vulnerable of developing ON and that there is a strong association between ON and narcissism in this population. However, future larger-scale longitudinal studies are needed to address these findings. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional survey-based study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthorexia nervosa and its association with narcissism in fitness center users

et al. 2022

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“…Individuals with substance use disorders or dependence have mostly high neuroticism and low openness and/or agreeableness [49]. Some studies have explored the association between personality traits and ED [52][53][54]. In 2017, Bircher et al conducted a systematic review with conflicting results and concluded that if personality factors were involved in exercise addiction, the current knowledge is insufficient to draw a specific profile of the personality of a person with exercise addiction, and further studies with more representative samples are needed [55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits Associated with the Risk of Exercise Dependence in Ultraendurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Remilly

Mauvieux

Drigny

2023

IJERPH

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Exercise dependence (ED) is common in endurance athletes and can lead to physical and psychological distress with various health effects. We designed a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate the personality traits associated with ED among ultraendurance athletes. A total of 507 participants (41.6 (9.8) years, men: 73.7%) completed (1) a screening questionnaire about sociodemographic data, sporting habits, and healthcare data, (2) the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R, 21 items scored from 1 (never) to 6 (always), 7 subscales), (3) the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and (4) 2 items of the SCOFF (Sick-Control-One Stone-Fat-Food) questionnaire regarding possible eating disorders. Based on the EDS-R scores, 37 (7.3%) participants were at risk for ED (scores ≥ 5/6 on ≥3 subscales), 366 (72.2%) were nondependent but symptomatic (scores ≥ 3/6 on ≥3 subscales), and 104 (20.5%) were asymptomatic. Participants with ED had a greater training volume and a higher prevalence of possible eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was associated with increased EDS-R scores (r = 0.294; p < 0.001), with significantly higher scores in the ED group (F = 14.50, p < 0.001). The association between neuroticism and ED was not moderated by the presence of eating disorders. These findings will help to screen ultraendurance athletes at risk for ED and optimize their care.

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“…Previous studies on the relationship between narcissism and ED [ 33 , 34 ] have suggested that narcissism may predict FA. This relationship may be rooted in low self-esteem and negative ideas about one’s self [ 35 ]. Low self-efficacy may be another psychological variable predisposing individuals to symptoms of FA [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale May Be Simplified and Diagnostically Improved: The Same Prevalence but Different Severity and Risk Factors of Food Addiction among Female and Male Students

2022

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The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the most commonly used scale for measuring food addiction (FA). The previous approach to the YFAS and its subsequent versions assumed dichotomization of items, separating addiction symptoms and clinical significance items, and factorial validity testing on a subset of items. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks associated with these procedures. In addition, we present a different analytical approach to investigate the validity of the modified YFAS (mYFAS) along with an alternative scoring method that overcomes limitations related to the previous approach. After establishing the structure of the mYFAS, we investigated the potential antecedents and consequences of FA separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1182 Polish undergraduate students (613 women, 559 men, 10 missing values on gender) with a mean age of 20.33 years (SD = 1.68; range: 18–36). They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires measuring FA, personality traits (Big Five), self-esteem, narcissism, self-efficacy, social anxiety, loneliness, and well-being indicators. Due to the low content, factorial, and clinical validity, the first three items were excluded from the Polish version of the mYFAS. The six-item mYFAS demonstrated measurement invariance, allowing for meaningful comparisons between genders and yielded almost identical prevalence rates for men and women. The hierarchical multiple analysis showed that age, extraversion, narcissism, and social anxiety predicted FA in both genders, whereas important gender differences in antecedents were also noted. In addition, FA was associated with body mass index (BMI) and most of the well-being indicators, even after controlling for relevant variables. The findings suggest that our modified analytical approach allows researchers to measure FA using a valid, useful, and simple tool.

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Narcissism and Exercise Addiction: The Mediating Roles of Exercise-Related Motives

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Orthorexia nervosa and its association with narcissism in fitness center users

Orthorexia nervosa and its association with narcissism in fitness center users

Personality Traits Associated with the Risk of Exercise Dependence in Ultraendurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale May Be Simplified and Diagnostically Improved: The Same Prevalence but Different Severity and Risk Factors of Food Addiction among Female and Male Students

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