Narcissistic Personality Inventory Factors, Splitting, and Self-Consciousness

Watson, P. J.; Biderman, Michael D.

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6101_4

Cited by 141 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Narcissists themselves, however, seem to be relatively unfazed by this state of affairs. Indeed, they are generally happier than others, with higher self-esteem, less anxiety, and less depression (e.g., Watson & Biderman, 1993). The present research demonstrates that, although narcissists' inflated self-beliefs may have emotional benefits for the narcissist, they also can have a measurable negative impact on performance (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude

Campbell

Goodie

Foster

2004

Behavioral Decision Making

662

547

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The present research addresses whether narcissists are more overconfident than others and whether this overconfidence leads to deficits in decision making. In Study 1, narcissism predicted overconfidence. This was attributable to narcissists' greater confidence despite no greater accuracy. In Study 2, participants were offered fair bets on their answers. Narcissists lost significantly more points in this betting task than nonnarcissists, due both to their greater overconfidence and greater willingness to bet. Finally, in Study 3, narcissists' predictions of future performance were based on performance expectations rather than actual performance. This research extends the literature on betting on knowledge to the important personality dimension of narcissism. key words risk taking; overconfidence; decision making; narcissism; personality; adults Individual differences matter in decision making. Gigerenzer and Hoffrage (1995), among many others, have pointed out that average decision strategies can be misleading, as they may reflect decision strategies that no single decision-maker employs. It is often better to explore the decisions that individuals reach. Furthermore, reliable differences in which kinds of people make which kind of decisions are important. Stanovich and West (2000), for example, have defended the reality of various cognitive illusions by demonstrating that people who violate conventionally defined norms tend to be those who perform less well in other domains. Looking at the same base of data, Funder (2000) argued that the observed correlation constitutes standard validation of the test items, and that the ability of some people to solve the problems correctly indicates an absence of systematic irrationality. Beyond theoretical concerns, there are also clear practical applications of such findings, as, for example, organizations could use individual differences measures to avoid hiring individuals who are more likely to be error-prone, when hiring for important decision-making positions. In this paper, we examine how the well-validated personality construct of narcissism is predictive of confidence, risk taking, and performance on a task in which confidence and risk taking are central parts. Approaching these questions is facilitated by the recent reinvigoration of decision-making research using bets that are based on confidence in knowledge (e.g

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude

Campbell

Goodie

Foster

2004

Behavioral Decision Making

662

547

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, the failure to discover any interactions between grandiosity and entitlement with respect to an outcome other than scores on the NPI calls into question the importance of that single interaction, particularly in light of prior criticisms of this scale. Although parallel associations with mental health have been obtained with a division of the NPI into a two-factor combination of its subscales (e.g., Watson & Biderman, 1993), the mediocre levels of face validity (especially L/A) and poor reliability (especially E/E and S/A) of the NPI subscales make them less than ideal for capturing narcissistic grandiosity and entitlement, in contrast to the highly face-valid and reliable scales that we used in the present research (see also Campbell et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism

Brown

Budzek

Tamborski

2009

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

335

309

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For three decades, social-personality research on overt narcissism has relied almost exclusively on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). However, the NPI suffers from a host of psychometric and validity concerns that make composite NPI scores (summed across its subscales) difficult to interpret. The present studies propose that narcissistic characteristics tend to fall under two general clusters: grandiosity and entitlement. The studies show that measures of grandiosity and entitlement interact to predict scores on the NPI, controlling for gender, self-esteem, and basic personality (Study 1), but also that grandiosity and entitlement function independently with respect to mental health (Study 2) and ethical misconduct (Study 3). Together, these results challenge the view of overt narcissism as a unidimensional construct and underscore the importance of distinguishing between grandiose and entitled aspects of the narcissistic self-concept.

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“…Maladaptive or poorly-defended narcissism (Hickman et al 1996;Watson and Biderman 1993) can therefore be understood as a pathological defense against negative emotions (Rathvon and Holmstrom 1996) and may reflect a poorer profile of adjustment. Persons with poorlydefended narcissistic traits seem to have a lack of appropriate strategies for dealing with intense emotions, and they rely on defense mechanisms to regulate their emotions and self-concept (Pistole 1995) as well-defended narcissists do.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissism Predicts Therapy Outcome in Psychosomatic Patients

Daig

Klapp

Fliege

2009

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Narcissism can be seen along a continuum of adjustment with well-defended narcissism on the adjusted end, and poorly-defended narcissism on the maladjusted end. Poorly-defended narcissism is associated with negative emotions, and somatic preoccupations. The present study investigated whether aspects of poorly-defended narcissism can be changed during hospital treatment and if the change predicts therapy outcome. Data from 1442 psychosomatic in-patients (70% women, mean age 40.1 years) at admission and discharge were analyzed. Narcissism, mood and quality of life were assessed with standardized instruments. Patients with somatoform, anxiety, depressive or adjustment disorders differed significantly in narcissistic aspects. During inpatient treatment, narcissistic aspects decreased, and mood and quality of life increased. Changes in threatened self were associated with an improvement on all mood dimensions. Psychosomatic hospital treatment can help patients with poorly-defended narcissism to regulate aspects of threatened self with subsequent positive impact on mood and quality of life.

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Narcissistic Personality Inventory Factors, Splitting, and Self-Consciousness

Cited by 141 publications

References 38 publications

Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude

Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude

On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism

Narcissism Predicts Therapy Outcome in Psychosomatic Patients

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