Narcissists are not more egocentric: evidence from a performance-based perspective-taking measure

Bukowski, Henryk; Bigot, A.; Samson, Dana

doi:10.31234/osf.io/rtyfm

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the same vein, a negative correlation was found between the IRI's PT and the VPT's SOP median response time (r(39) = -0.401, p = .011), indicating that participants who scored higher on the PT subscale tended to respond faster when they were required to adopt the other's perspective compared to their own in the VPT task. This result replicates the significant associations previously found in studies conducted on samples of students and narcissistic participants (while controlling for the level of narcissism; Bukowski & Samson, 2017;Bukowski et al, 2022). This finding supports our assumption that both measures reflect one's motivation and sensitivity toward the other.…”

Section: Aspds?supporting

confidence: 90%

“…While we reported some important criticisms regarding self-reported evaluation in ASPD, we demonstrated that using a novel index of SOD based on IRI scores was relevant to assess this specific facet, as it showed to be significantly associated with the SOD index obtained with a behavioral task and differentiated the ASPDs from the control group. Further, we replicated the significant correlation between the SOP index and the IRI's PT subscale found in previous studies (Bukowski et al, 2022;Bukowski & Samson, 2017), hence confirming the ability of the VPT task to, first, precisely quantify the attentional priority allocated for selfinformation compared to information about others (SOP), and second, to specifically capture the ability to disentangle information coming from the self and from the others (SOD). Nevertheless, promising work is emerging in this direction (e.g., Krol & Bartz, 2022).…”

Section: Altered Self-other Distinction In Aspd 29supporting

confidence: 85%

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Confusing my viewpoint with his: Altered self-other distinction performance in antisocial personality disorder

Bigot,

TIBERI,

Saloppé

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Deficits of social cognition are regularly but inconsistently reported among individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Because of the multifaceted nature of social cognition, deficits might be only observed when assessing specific facets of social cognition and under sufficiently demanding conditions. This study examined self-other distinction performance, a key facet lying at the core of the attachment-based model of mentalizing (Fonagy & Luyten, 2009). Twenty-one forensic inpatients with ASPD and 19 participants from the community completed a visual perspective-taking paradigm allowing to tease apart self-other priority (i.e., how self-focused one is) from self-other distinction performance (i.e., how much one confuses his with others’ mental states). The ASPD group made significantly more errors at handling conflicting self-other viewpoints by enforcing self-other distinction (19%) than the control group (4%), but the ASPD group was not significantly more self-focused. In contrast, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report scale did not differentiate the two groups. However, a novel measure of self-other distinction based on Empathic concern (i.e., the tendency to experience feelings of concern and compassion for others) and Personal distress subscales (i.e., the tendency to experience personal distress in response to the distress of others) did differentiate the two groups, albeit to a significantly lower extent than the objective measure of self-other distinction. Altogether, these findings are in line with the theory that there is a self-other distinction deficit in ASPD and advocate for psychometric approaches embracing the multifaceted nature of social cognition and the need for objective measures with sufficient sensitivity.

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Section: Aspds?supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Altered Self-other Distinction In Aspd 29supporting

confidence: 85%

Confusing my viewpoint with his: Altered self-other distinction performance in antisocial personality disorder

Bigot,

TIBERI,

Saloppé

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 3 Egocentricity and selflessness can have various connotations ( Millière, 2020 ). Egocentricity is often contrasted with the capacity for taking on others’ perspectives (e.g., Bukowski et al, 2022 ). The egocentric attributions of salience do not concern solely the capacity for perspective-taking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic unselfing: self-transcendence and change of values in psychedelic experiences

Kähönen

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Psychedelic experiences have been shown to both facilitate (re)connection to one’s values and change values, including enhancing aesthetic appreciation, promoting pro-environmental attitudes, and encouraging prosocial behavior. This article presents an empirically informed framework of philosophical psychology to understand how self-transcendence relates to psychedelic value changes. Most of the observed psychedelic value changes are toward the self-transcendent values of Schwartz’s value theory. As psychedelics also reliably cause various self-transcendent experiences (STEs), a parsimonious hypothesis is that STEs change values toward self-transcendent values. I argue that STEs indeed can lead to value changes, and discuss the morally relevant process of self-transcendence through Iris Murdoch’s concept of “unselfing”. I argue that overt egocentric concerns easily bias one’s valuations. Unselfing reduces egocentric attributions of salience and enhances non-egocentric attention to the world, widening one’s perspective and shifting evaluation toward self-transcendent modes. Values are inherently tied to various evaluative contexts, and unselfing can attune the individual to evaluative contexts and accompanying values beyond the self. Understood this way, psychedelics can provide temporarily enhanced access to self-transcendent values and function as sources of aspiration and value change. However, contextual factors can complicate whether STEs lead to long-term changes in values. The framework is supported by various research strands establishing empirical and conceptual connections between long-term differences in egocentricity, STEs, and self-transcendent values. Furthermore, the link between unselfing and value changes is supported by phenomenological and theoretical analysis of psychedelic experiences, as well as empirical findings on their long-term effects. This article furthers understanding of psychedelic value changes and contributes to discussions on whether value changes are justified, whether they result from cultural context, and whether psychedelics could function as tools of moral neuroenhancement.

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Narcissists are not more egocentric: evidence from a performance-based perspective-taking measure

Cited by 2 publications

References 65 publications

Confusing my viewpoint with his: Altered self-other distinction performance in antisocial personality disorder

Confusing my viewpoint with his: Altered self-other distinction performance in antisocial personality disorder

Psychedelic unselfing: self-transcendence and change of values in psychedelic experiences

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