Narrative review: association between lung cancer development and ambient particulate matter in never-smokers

Lim, Jeong Uk; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu

doi:10.21037/jtd-21-655

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

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“…For example, tobacco abuse is the prime cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a leading risk factor for lung cancer [5]. Over the past two decades, the proportion of individuals diagnosed with lung cancer in developing countries has significantly increased from 31% to 49.9% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CX-Net: an efficient ensemble semantic deep neural network for ROI identification from chest-x-ray images for COPD diagnosis

Agughasi

Murali

2023

Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol.

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Automatic identification of salient features in large medical datasets, particularly in chest X-ray (CXR) images, is a crucial research area. Accurately detecting critical findings such as emphysema, pneumothorax, and chronic bronchitis can aid radiologists in prioritizing time-sensitive cases and screening for abnormalities. However, traditional deep neural network approaches often require bounding box annotations, which can be time-consuming and challenging to obtain. This study proposes an explainable ensemble learning approach, CX-Net, for lung segmentation and diagnosing lung disorders using CXR images.We compare four state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) models, including FPN, U-Net, LinkNet, and a customized U-Net model with ImageNet feature extraction, data augmentation, and dropout regularizations. All models are trained on the Montgomery and VinDR-CXR datasets with and without segmented ground-truth masks. To achieve model explainability, we integrate SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) techniques, which enable a better understanding of the decision-making process and provide visual explanations of critical regions within the CXR images. By employing ensembling, our outlier-resistant CX-Net achieves superior performance in lung segmentation, with Jaccard overlap similarity (JS) of 0.992, Dice coefficients (DC) of 0.994, precision (PPV) of 0.993, recall of 0.980, and accuracy of 0.976. The proposed approach demonstrates strong generalization capabilities on the VinDr-CXR dataset and is the first study to use these datasets for semantic lung segmentation with semi-supervised localization. In conclusion, this paper presents an explainable ensemble learning approach for lung segmentation and diagnosing lung disorders using CXR images. Extensive experimental results show that our method efficiently and accurately extracts regions of interest in CXR images from publicly available datasets, indicating its potential for integration into clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Furthermore, incorporating SHAP and Grad-CAM techniques further enhances the interpretability and trustworthiness of the AI-driven diagnostic system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%