Narrative Review: Submental Artery Island Pedicled Flap, Indications, Tips, and Pitfalls

Abstract

Study Design Narrative review. Objective To describe the advantages, challenges, and potential indications of the submental artery island flap as a local pedicled flap for head and neck reconstruction. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to describe the submental artery island flap's surgical technique, indications, and outcomes. Data sources included peer-reviewed articles, case reports, and clinical studies on using the submental flap in head and neck surgery reconstruction. Results The submental artery island flap, while offering advantages such as minimal donor site morbidity, and good cosmetic outcomes, presents challenges related to the pedicle dissection and patient selection. This flap is particularly suitable for defects in the oral cavity, oropharynx, parotid bed, and midface or neck skin. Simultaneous neck dissection is feasible but should be approached with caution in patients with a history of prior neck surgery. Conclusions The submental artery island flap is a valuable option for selected cases. When performed in the right patient with a correct technique, this flap can reconstruct defects in the oral cavity, oropharynx, parotid bed, and skin of the midface or neck with a minimally visible scar of the donor site.