Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a considerable component of colonoscopy quality assurance; it has a clear link to future morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer. There are a number of potential factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable that can impact upon ADR. Modes of improving ADR include techniques and behaviours during colonoscopy, image enhancement techniques, technological advancements, advancements in endoscope designs, developments in accessories and continued medical education. However, whilst a number of technologies are emerging to improve ADR, at present, it seems that education, team work and optimising current practice will provide the biggest gains in ADR whilst maintaining financial acceptability. The review aims to present a balanced summary of the evidence currently available and does not propose to serve as a guideline.