“…Optical properties of the PPAs are zero transmission, T = 0, and close to zero reflection, R = 0, at the plasmon resonance. At the wavelength of plasmonic resonance, light should be absorbed by PPA [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. For the ideal case, 100% of incident light can be absorbed at the resonance wavelength by PPA.…”