Narrow Directed Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons Produced by A Reformative Mechanical Exfoliation Approach

Abstract

Black phosphorus nanoribbons (PNRs) are ideal candidates for constructing electronic and optoelectronic devices owing to their unique structure and high bandgap tunability. However, the preparation of high‐quality narrow PNRs aligned along the same direction is very challenging. Here, a reformative mechanical exfoliation approach combining tape and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exfoliations to fabricate high‐quality, narrow, and directed PNRs with smooth edges for the first time is developed. In this method, partially‐exfoliated PNRs are first formed on thick black phosphorus (BP) flakes via the tape exfoliation and further peeled off to obtain separated PNRs via the PDMS exfoliation. The prepared PNRs have widths from a dozen to hundreds of nanometers (down to 15 nm) and a mean length of 18 µm. It is found that the PNRs can align along a same direction and the length directions of directed PNRs are along the zigzag direction. The formation of PNRs is attributed to that the BP prefers to be unzipped along the zigzag direction and has an appropriate magnitude of interaction force with the PDMS substrate. The fabricated PNR/MoS2 heterojunction diode and PNR field‐effect transistor exhibit good device performance. This work provides a new pathway to achieve high‐quality, narrow, and directed PNRs for electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Phosphorus-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…In contrast to other two-dimensional materials, pure phosphorus crystals are prone to exfoliation and delamination through mechanical stripping, owing to the weak van der Waals forces between the layers (Figure c) . This mechanical peeling, commonly referred to as the “clear tape” delamination method, is typically carried out using adhesive tapes.…”

“…In contrast to other two-dimensional materials, pure phosphorus crystals are prone to exfoliation and delamination through mechanical stripping, owing to the weak van der Waals forces between the layers (Figure 2c). 67 This mechanical peeling, commonly referred to as the "clear tape" delamination method, is typically carried out using adhesive tapes. A single layer of BLK-P, with a thickness of merely 0.85 nm, can be fabricated through the transfer of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) onto a silicon substrate and subsequent elution of the BLK-P from transparent tape using alcohol.…”

Black phosphorus, an advanced versatile nanoparticles of antitumor, antibacterial and bone regeneration for OS therapy

“…( Figure 3A ). ( Hu et al, 2023 ) With these improvements, mechanical exfoliation methods have been greatly enhanced for use in the industrial and pharmaceutical industries.…”

Investigating the mechanism of phosphorene nanoribbon synthesis by discharging black phosphorus intercalation compounds

“…2,[14][15][16] More recently, tape exfoliation has been shown to directly yield PNRs by partially ripping the surface layer of few-layer BP with widths down to 14 nm via partial tape exfoliation, which can be subsequently extracted with polydimethylsiloxane. 17 However, routes that use tape-exfoliation and electron beam lithography are difficult to scale, with the latter requiring challenging synthesis for each individual PNR.…”