NASA Mir and International Space Station: Lessons in Design

Kitmacher, Gary H.

doi:10.2514/6.2004-5980

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Henry Ford dramatically increased the efficiency of this approach with the development of the assembly line, which revolutionized human transportation by making automobiles a household commodity. 26 The building block approach is now recognized in a remarkably wide range of different areas, including architecture, 27 computers, 28 space stations, 29 robotics, 30 college curricula, 31 music, 32 smart technology apps, 28 and artificial intelligence algorithms. 33 The advantages of building block-based construction on efficiency, flexibility, and scalability are well-documented and widely appreciated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the generalized iterative synthesis of small molecules

2018

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Small molecules have extensive untapped potential to benefit society, but access to this potential is too often restricted by limitations inherent to the customized approach currently used to synthesize this class of chemical matter. In contrast, the “building block approach”, i.e., generalized iterative assembly of interchangeable parts, has now proven to be a highly efficient and flexible way to construct things ranging all the way from skyscrapers to macromolecules to artificial intelligence algorithms. The structural redundancy found in many small molecules suggests that they possess a similar capacity for generalized building block-based construction. It is also encouraging that many customized iterative synthesis methods have been developed that improve access to specific classes of small molecules. There has also been substantial recent progress toward the iterative assembly of many different types of small molecules, including complex natural products, pharmaceuticals, biological probes, and materials, using common building blocks and coupling chemistry. Collectively, these advances suggest that a generalized building block approach for small molecule synthesis may be within reach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the generalized iterative synthesis of small molecules

2018

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“…In addition, due to the complexity of the equipment in the hygiene area environment, crew members need to follow strict equipment guidelines when performing defecation, which results in the basic defecation process or wash-up process often taking longer to complete than on the ground. As a result, the hygiene area’s lighting environment is likely to affect their physiological needs, information acquisition and judgement, and emotional experience [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Based on previous findings, we expected CCT to have an impact on physiological responses and mood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Correlated Colour Temperature on Physiological, Emotional and Subjective Satisfaction in the Hygiene Area of a Space Station

Jiang

Yao

Westland

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The hygiene area is one of the most important facilities in a space station. If its environmental lighting is appropriately designed, it can significantly reduce the psychological pressure on astronauts. This study investigates the effect of correlated colour temperature (CCT) on heart rate, galvanic skin response, emotion and satisfaction in the hygiene area of a space station. Forty subjects participated in experiments in a hygiene area simulator with a controlled lighting environment. The lighting conditions included 2700 K, 3300 K, 3600 K, 5000 K and 6300 K; physiological responses (heart rate, galvanic skin response), as well as emotion and satisfaction, were recorded. The results showed that CCT significantly influenced the participants’ physiological and subjective responses in the space station hygiene area. 6300 K led to the best emotion and satisfaction levels, the highest galvanic skin response and the lowest heart rate. The opposite was true for 2700 K.

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NASA Mir and International Space Station: Lessons in Design

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Towards the generalized iterative synthesis of small molecules

Towards the generalized iterative synthesis of small molecules

The Effect of Correlated Colour Temperature on Physiological, Emotional and Subjective Satisfaction in the Hygiene Area of a Space Station

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