Nasal carriage of Methicillin resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; with reduced Vancomycin susceptibility (MRSA-RVS) by healthy adults in Zaria, Nigeria

Onolitola, O S; Olayinka, B. O.; Salawu, MJ; Yakubu, SE

doi:10.4314/jtmb.v3i1.35450

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This finding may be reflective of the extent of poor drug control and legislations concerning sales of antimicobials in Nigeria (Geidam et al, 2012a). This is in agreement with findings of Olonitola et al (2007) and Taiwo et al (2008) in which resistance to methicillin and other clinically important antibiotics occur rather frequently in human S. aureus isolates. Beta-lactam antibiotic resistant Staphylococci have also been suspected of being methicillin-resistant strains (Van Duijkeren et al, 2004) and may carry the mecA chromosomal gene responsible for production of the altered penicillin binding protein PBP-2a (Martineau at al., 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial resistant coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from chickens in Maiduguri,Nigeria

Suleiman

Zaria²,

Grema³

et al. 2013

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an Important agent of food poisoning. In many countries, it is the main bacterial organism responsible for diseases caused by exotoxin production and direct invasion with systemic dissemination. In poultry, S. aureus is associated with many clinical syndromes including tenosynovitis, omphalitis, femoral head necrosis, infected hock and stifle joints secondary to coccidiosis and "bumblefoot". A total of 100 tracheal swabs from 100 apparently healthy chickens from small holder flocks in Maiduguri, Nigeria were analysed for the presence of S. aureus. Isolates of coagulase positive S. aureus resistance to 10 antimicrobials was determined by disc diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 83 (83.0%) and coagulase positive S. aureus from 54 (54%) of all samples. Isolates of coagulase positive S. aureus were completely (100%) susceptible to cephalexin, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin but showed varying degrees of resistance to ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), ceftriazone (57.4%), ofloxacin (57.4%), clindamycin (51.9%), cotrimoxazole (50.0%) and augmentin (33.3%).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial resistant coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from chickens in Maiduguri,Nigeria

Suleiman

Zaria²,

Grema³

et al. 2013

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…This second category of antibiotics is not readily available for consumption to a majority of the populace because of its high cost. Vancomycin in particular is not available for routine clinical use in Nigeria; hence, most S. aureus isolates, including MRSA, are still susceptible to the drug,1,12–15 although there are few reports of the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates in some centers in Nigeria 28,29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowe¹,

Kukoyi²,

Taiwo³

et al. 2013

IDR

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IntroductionThe characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction.Materials and methodsA total of 208 isolates of S. aureus recovered from clinical specimens were included in this study. Standard microbiological procedures were employed in isolating the strains. Susceptibility of each isolate to methicillin (5 μg), oxacillin (1 μg), and cefoxitin (30 μg) was carried out using the modified Kirby–Bauer/Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute disk diffusion technique. They were also tested against panels of antibiotics including vancomycin. The conventional polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence of the mecA gene.ResultsPhenotypic resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin were 32.7%, 40.3%, and 46.5%, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 40 isolates, giving a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence of 19.2%. The S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (82.7%) and tetracycline (65.4%), but largely susceptible to erythromycin (78.8% sensitive), pefloxacin (82.7%), and gentamicin (88.5%). When compared to the mecA gene as the gold standard for MRSA detection, methicillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin gave sensitivity rates of 70%, 80%, and 100%, and specificity rates of 76.2%, 69.1%, and 78.5% respectively.ConclusionWhen compared with previous studies employing mecA polymerase chain reaction for MRSA detection, the prevalence of 19.2% reported in Ekiti State, Nigeria in this study is an indication of gradual rise in the prevalence of MRSA in Nigeria. A cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion test is recommended above methicillin and oxacillin for the phenotypic detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.

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“…The danger of such transmission to bacteria such as S. aureus and the enterobacteriaceae in our environment is apparent as some Nigerian studies have reported vancomycin resistance among clinical S. aureus isolates (Olayinka et al , 2005, Onolitola et al , 2007) without previous exposure to vancomycin. A cursory look at our study revealed that 50% and 20% of the S. aureus isolates are oxacillin and vancomycin resistant respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hospital acquired enterococci infections in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria

Olawale

Fadiora

Taiwo

2011

African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Enterococci are opportunistic bacteria that become pathogenic when they colonize niches where they are not normally found. Of recent, they have become major cause of nosocomial infections, especially of the bloodstream, urinary tract and surgical sites. The aim of this study is to determine the point-prevalence rate of human enterococci infections among hospitalized patients in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study was conducted between January and June 2009 in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo and involved a total of 118 patients who developed clinical evidence of infection at least 48 hours after hospital admission. Appropriate clinical samples were collected from the patients after an informed consent and cultured for isolation/biochemical identification of Enterococcus species at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo using standard microbiological methods. There were 525 hospital admissions within the time frame of the study of which 118 (22.5%) developed hospital acquired infection (HAI); 58 (49.2%) of which cultured positive for bacterial pathogens. Enterococci were isolated from infective focus in 7 patients, giving a prevalence rate of hospital-acquired enterococci infection of 5.9%. Two species of Enterococcus were identified; Enterococcus faecalis from urinary tract infection (UTI) and surgical site infection (SSI) of 6 (85.7%) patients and Enterococcus faecium from UTI in 1 (14.3%) patient. Other bacteria recovered from other infective foci were Klebsiella spp 31.0%, Pseudomonas spp 20.7%, Staphylococcus aureus 17.2%, Escherichia coli 12.1%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 3.4%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1.7% and Serratia spp 1.7%. All the enterococci isolates were multiply antibiotic resistant, and 42.9% were vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) with the VRE strains showing resistance to wider range of antibiotics than the vancomycin-sensitive strains. Other Gram-positive and Gram negative bacterial isolates also demonstrated multiple resistance to all commonly available antibiotics in this community except E. coli and Pseudomonas spp which were relatively sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. This limited study demonstrated a high prevalence rate of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci infections among hospitalized patients in this environment. There is need for systematic surveillance of hospitals for enterococci infections; prudent use and rational prescription of antibiotics and stringent measures to reduce the prevalence rate by health education on infection control measures such as isolation, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization.

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Nasal carriage of Methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with reduced Vancomycin susceptibility (MRSA-RVS) by healthy adults in Zaria, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial resistant coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from chickens in Maiduguri,Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistant coagulase positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from chickens in Maiduguri,Nigeria

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria

Prevalence of hospital acquired enterococci infections in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria

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