Nasal Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and their Antibiograms among School Children in Bharatpur, Nepal

Adhikari, Sanjib; Khadka, Sujan; Parajuli, Ashish; Kc, Anjana; Mishra, R. K.; Kandel, Puspa; Tiwari, Ashik

doi:10.3126/jcmsn.v14i4.19511

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Resistance to antibiotics develops due to its frequent misuse. [38][39][40] The present study showed the presence of 20 (33.9%) MDR bacteria which is less than the results found in the several studies conducted by Awasthi et al (2015) in Seti Zonal Hospital, Dhangadi, Nepal (42.9%), 22 and Khanal et al (2006) in Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal (56.1%). 28 In our study, E. coli (25.8%), K. pneumoniae (42.8%) and P. aeroginosa (100.0%) were found to be MDR.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

Adhikari

Khadka

Rana³

et al. 2019

J Coll Med Sci-Nepal

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Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the uropathogens among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital. Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital from December 2017 to February 2018. Aseptically collected clean catch mid-stream urine samples from 200 clinically suspected patients were cultured and processed for the identification of the uropathogens in the laboratory using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates against commonly used antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2017. Results: Out of 200 samples collected, 59(29.5%) of the samples showed the presence of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Among them, 43(72.9%) were Gram-negative and 16(27.1%) were Gram-positive bacteria. UTI was found to be the most prevalent in females compared to the males and in the age group of 21-30 years. E. coli (72.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.0%) were the most predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates respectively. The isolates were resistant to cefpodoxime (54.2%) and least resistant to gentamicin (10.2%). Twenty (33.9%) isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusions: Higher frequency of antibiotic resistance among UTI patients alerts for continuous surveillance to assure effective control of this infection. Awareness of good hygienic practice especially in females and prudent use of antibiotics in case of infection can be sug-gested. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility test; E. coli; MDR; urine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

Adhikari

Khadka

Rana³

et al. 2019

J Coll Med Sci-Nepal

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“…None of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to vancomycin which is consistent with previous works, as most of the studies have shown that drugs like vancomycin and gentamicin have high efficacy but azithromycin, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole have lower efficacy. [31][32][33] A total of 55.9% of the S. aureus isolates resisted cefoxitin and were Oxacillin-resistant and hence termed as MRSA. Distribution of MRSA in the present study was slightly higher than other studies, as studies by Rolston et al and Bhat et al both recorded a MRSA isolation rate of 40.0%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

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“…1 S. aureus colonizes almost all parts of body and it is believed that almost 20-30% of the population are carriers of S. aureus. 2 The increasing prevalence of Methicillin resistance among staphylococci (MRSA) is a global problem with addition of resistance towards other drugs such as cephalosporins, cephems and other beta-lactams. 3 In recent years, community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains are rapidly increasing and they are now showing resistance to vancomycin, which was presumed to be the drug of choice for MRSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Bharatpur Hospital

Regmi¹,

Khadka²,

Magar³

et al. 2020

J Coll Med Sci-Nepal

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Background: Clindamycin is regarded as a reserve drug in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Among few therapeutic alternatives available for treatment of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, clindamycin has several advantages but major limitation in its use is the development of resistance resulting in treatment failure. Routine clindamycin susceptibility test may fail to detect such inducible resistance which can be detected by Double disc diffusion test (D-test). The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients visiting Bharatpur Hospital from September to November 2019. A total of 1279 clinical samples were examined for the identification of S. aureus by standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and all the erythromycin-resistant isolates were subjected to D-test for the phenotypic detection of inducible clindamycin resistance according to CLSI guidelines (2016). Results: S. aureus was recovered from 4.5% (58/1279) samples of which 35 isolates were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 23 were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Tetracycline was found to be the most effective antibiotic whereas erythromycin was the least effective. D-test revealed that 39.7% isolates showed iMLSB phenotype, 3.5% showed cMLSB phenotype and 56.8% showed MS phenotype. The percentage of inducible and constitutive resistance was seen higher amongst MRSA isolates compared to Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. Incidence of S. aureus was found higher among females and in the age group 20-30 years and in pus samples (p<0.01). Conclusions: Routine testing of inducible clindamycin resistance is suggested among the clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococci to avoid treatment failure.

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Nasal Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and their Antibiograms among School Children in Bharatpur, Nepal

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Phenotypic Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Bharatpur Hospital

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