Nasal histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a disease with a high case-fatality rate, especially in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The disease can occur in various sites, such as the lungs, eyes, oral cavity, larynx, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and, more rarely, the nasal sinus region. It is a cosmopolitan mycosis with a high prevalence in Brazil. Nasal manifestation of the disease is rare, with only three cases reported in the literature, but it is part of the differential diagnosis for other granulomatous diseases, such as Wegener's granulomatosis, tegumentary leishmaniasis and nasal lymphoma. The authors of this study present a literature review and report a case of nasal histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS. No record of such an aggressive presentation has been reported previously in the literature.

Nasal Septum Perforation Associated to Histoplasmosis: A Retrospective Study

“…Pulmonary manifestations were registered in six cases whit abnormal chest X-ray. These findings are similar to what is described in the literature [12,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…A recent case report and literature review showed a Haitian female with HIV/AIDS and nasal septum destruction along with another 18 cases, almost all have HIV/AIDS [25]. The same data has been reported elsewhere [26,28,29].…”

Nasal cartilage destruction associated to cutaneous histoplasmosis in AIDS

“…In literature, only 19 cases of central facial involvement due to Histoplasma have been reported, 13 of them had AIDS with CD4 cell counts < 150/mm 3 , and 3 died because of delay or non-adherence to treatment [12]. Treatment include with liposomal amphotericin B, itraconazole and HAART in HIV positive patients [12,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Histoplasmosis in the nasal septum without pulmonary involvement in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report and literature review

“…Cases of histoplasmosis with skin lesions have been described among immunocompromised patients with AIDS. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Although rare, patients with AIDS and skin lesions but without lung involvement have also been reported recently. [5][6][7][8] Furthermore, an unusual orofacial case of manifestations of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised renal transplanted patient has also been described.…”

“…2 - 7 We performed a search in the relevant databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Embase Biomedical Answers; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; and United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health) for nasal septum and histoplasmosis, and the results are presented in Table 1 . 9 , 10 , 23…”