Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti–IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps

Thy1+IL-7+lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation

“…However, the induction and pathological nature of ectopic lymphoid structures in chronic allergic diseases was largely unknown. ECRS is a chronic upper-respiratory airway allergic disease characterized by high IL-5 levels together with the formation of recurrent nasal polyps (53). We found increased formation of ectopic lymphoid tissues and increased IL-7-producing LECs in the nasal polyps of patients with ECRS.…”

Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers

“…As recent monoclonal antibody approaches such as omalizumab 34 , mepolizumab 35 or dupilumab target specific cytokines or pathways, it is expected that an approach based on biomarker-defined clusters would identify responders to these drugs. Nasal levels of IL-5 for example were found to predict responders to reslizumab, an anti-IL5 monoclonal antibody 36 . The clinical applicability of inflammatory endotypes, however, would be aided by the availability of noninvasive serum or nasal secretion markers; a range of markers is currently under investigation in the same cohort of CRS patients.…”

Chronic sinusitis pathophysiology: The role of allergy

“…Arguments have been made regarding an allergic mechanism in CHES based on the usefulness of "allergy"-targeting therapeutics such as corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers in CHES. 9,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] However, these treatments nonspecifically target the types of inflammation seen in allergic and nonallergic Th2-associated inflammatory disorders, so even if verified, their efficacy can not be used to support an allergic mechanism. For example, leukotriene modifiers and corticosteroids are equally efficacious in allergic and nonallergic presentations of asthma.…”