Nasal Jet-CPAP (variable flow) versus Bubble-CPAP in preterm infants with respiratory distress: an open label, randomized controlled trial

Abstract

In preterm infants with respiratory distress starting within 6 h of life, CPAP failure rates were similar with Jet CPAP and Bubble CPAP.

Neonatal oxygen therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a pragmatic review

“…Eight publications described some form of continuous positive airway pressure device (bubble CPAP, nasal CPAP, and a variable flow jet CPAP) in use as a part of the description of a related clinical trial or observational study. 11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] These studies all took place at neonatal intensive care units or referral hospitals with five studies from India, two from the same hospital in Malawi, and one from Egypt. 11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Two randomized controlled trials of high-flow nasal cannula utilized equipment to heat and humidify oxygen, but no publications addressed the provision of clean water for such humidifying units.…”

“…11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] These studies all took place at neonatal intensive care units or referral hospitals with five studies from India, two from the same hospital in Malawi, and one from Egypt. 11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Two randomized controlled trials of high-flow nasal cannula utilized equipment to heat and humidify oxygen, but no publications addressed the provision of clean water for such humidifying units. 17,20 Three studies provided indication of the installation or use of flow splitters, 11,16,20 but Hundalani et al, mentioned that "many district hospitals in Malawi do not have flow splitters that would allow the delivery of < 1 L/min oxygen" in the discussion of their 2015 study.…”

“…11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Two randomized controlled trials of high-flow nasal cannula utilized equipment to heat and humidify oxygen, but no publications addressed the provision of clean water for such humidifying units. 17,20 Three studies provided indication of the installation or use of flow splitters, 11,16,20 but Hundalani et al, mentioned that "many district hospitals in Malawi do not have flow splitters that would allow the delivery of < 1 L/min oxygen" in the discussion of their 2015 study. 12 Finally, Osman et al, provided the only description of oxygen blenders and flow meters in the reviewed literature.…”

“…Nine publications provided information on patient interface devices with six describing studies completed in South Asia, two conducted in Malawi, both at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, and one conducted in Egypt; all studies described referral hospitals. 11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The most common patient interface was nasal prongs used in conjunction with a CPAP device (three articles representing three hospitals in India, one in Pakistan, one in Egypt, and one in Malawi). 11,12,[17][18][19][20]22 Of the nine publications with information on patient interface devices, only three provided some description of the sizes of nasal prongs available, as neonatal sizes are generally accepted as necessary to administer oxygen to neonates with such an interface.…”

“…11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The most common patient interface was nasal prongs used in conjunction with a CPAP device (three articles representing three hospitals in India, one in Pakistan, one in Egypt, and one in Malawi). 11,12,[17][18][19][20]22 Of the nine publications with information on patient interface devices, only three provided some description of the sizes of nasal prongs available, as neonatal sizes are generally accepted as necessary to administer oxygen to neonates with such an interface. Tagare et al described the availability of "appropriate sizes" of nasal prongs at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in India and Osman et al described the availability of five different sizes of nasal prongs at a university hospital in Egypt in the methods section of their respective randomized control trials.…”