Nasal Packing in the Emergency Department: A Practical Review for Emergency Providers

Abstract

We performed a narrative review of epistaxis management in the emergency department. First, we examined the pathophysiology, the current types of treatment that are available to emergency clinicians. When nasal packing is indicated, we examined the efficacy of nasal packing in addition to other topical treatment such as tranexamic acid and the evidence of prophylactic antibiotics. We detailed current studies involving tranexamic acid and prophylactic antibiotics for nasal packing. Finally, we introduced an epistaxis clinical care pathway, based on current evidence, to aid emergency clinicians with their clinical decision-making processes.

Postoperative hemorrhage after Le Fort I osteotomy hemostasis with angiographic embolization: report of two cases

“…The success rate of hemostasis by endoscopy ranges from 80 to 94% [ 17 ]. Furthermore, an alternative approach for patients with difficult-to-control hemorrhage is angiographic embolization [ 7 , 18–20 ].…”