Nasal Polyps in Children: The Early Origins of a Challenging Adulthood Condition

Abstract

Nasal polyps (NPs) are benign inflammatory masses causing chronic nasal obstruction, usually associated with underlying chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which are rarely reported in childhood. The interest in NPs has recently increased due to new therapeutic options, namely biological agents, such as dupilumab, and an update of the European position paper on this topic was released in 2020, providing a detailed classification for these lesions and also discussing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches also in children. In childhood, NPs usually represent red flags for systemic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiencies. This review outlines the recent data on NPs in childhood, focusing on predisposing factors for CRS as well as on the potential endotypes in this particular age group, for which further studies are required in order to better clarify their pathogenesis and to identify molecular biomarkers that could help achieve more personalized treatments.

Development of a mobile app for the evaluation of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

“…In the pediatric population, nasal polyps usually represents red flags indicating underlying systemic diseases, such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) and immunodeficiencies. 30 A study with 4044 children diagnosed with CRS found that the prevalence of cystic fibrosis was 4.1% of immune system disorder was 12.3% and 0.2% had primary ciliary dyskinesia. 31 …”

Current Insights on the Impact of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergies

“…These are frequently associated with respiratory diseases, including AR and asthma, cystic fibrosis, AERD, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). NPs are relatively common in the adult population, and they are rare in children under ten years old [ 64 ]. Exosomes are epithelial-derived vesicles containing conserved proteins representative of their parent cell and are secreted by all cell types into almost all body fluids, including nasal mucus [ 65 ].…”

Laser nasal surgery (Review)

“…Laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, which originally described the process; however, it is currently used to describe both the light fascicle and the apparatus ( 5 ).…”

“…Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is presented in ancient texts dating back almost 4,000 years; however, it is still a pathology that is not fully understood and does not have a definitive therapeutic option ( 5 ). Currently, the most used treatment options are intranasal corticosteroids and ESS, with a high recurrence rate due to the preponderance of atopic origin in the majority of nasal polyp cases ( 1 ).…”